syzbot


possible deadlock in trie_update_elem (2)

Status: upstream: reported on 2026/01/07 18:02
Reported-by: syzbot+575065ff114761dfb81b@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 4d20h, last: 4d20h
Similar bugs (3)
Kernel Title Rank 🛈 Repro Cause bisect Fix bisect Count Last Reported Patched Status
linux-5.15 possible deadlock in trie_update_elem origin:lts-only 4 C done 304 52d 664d 0/3 upstream: reported C repro on 2024/03/19 12:15
upstream possible deadlock in trie_update_elem bpf 4 137 433d 655d 0/29 auto-obsoleted due to no activity on 2025/01/14 00:45
linux-6.1 possible deadlock in trie_update_elem 4 5 513d 648d 0/3 auto-obsoleted due to no activity on 2024/11/24 16:05

Sample crash report:
======================================================
WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
syzkaller #0 Not tainted
------------------------------------------------------
syz.6.2607/15125 is trying to acquire lock:
ffff88813fffeba0 (&pgdat->kswapd_wait){....}-{2:2}, at: __wake_up_common_lock kernel/sched/wait.c:137 [inline]
ffff88813fffeba0 (&pgdat->kswapd_wait){....}-{2:2}, at: __wake_up+0xf4/0x190 kernel/sched/wait.c:160

but task is already holding lock:
ffff888079b08238 (&trie->lock){....}-{2:2}, at: trie_update_elem+0xc4/0xe90 kernel/bpf/lpm_trie.c:335

which lock already depends on the new lock.


the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:

-> #3 (&trie->lock){....}-{2:2}:
       __raw_spin_lock_irqsave include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:110 [inline]
       _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0xa4/0xf0 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:162
       trie_delete_elem+0x90/0x690 kernel/bpf/lpm_trie.c:467
       0xffffffffa00006a6
       bpf_dispatcher_nop_func include/linux/bpf.h:1012 [inline]
       __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:603 [inline]
       bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:610 [inline]
       __bpf_trace_run kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:2285 [inline]
       bpf_trace_run2+0x1cd/0x3b0 kernel/trace/bpf_trace.c:2324
       trace_tlb_flush+0x143/0x190 include/trace/events/tlb.h:38
       switch_mm_irqs_off+0x758/0xb10 arch/x86/mm/tlb.c:-1
       context_switch kernel/sched/core.c:5229 [inline]
       __schedule+0xe99/0x40b0 kernel/sched/core.c:6561
       schedule+0xb9/0x180 kernel/sched/core.c:6637
       worker_thread+0xef6/0x1250 kernel/workqueue.c:2460
       kthread+0x29d/0x330 kernel/kthread.c:376
       ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:295

-> #2 (&rq->__lock){-.-.}-{2:2}:
       _raw_spin_lock_nested+0x2e/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:378
       raw_spin_rq_lock_nested+0x26/0x140 kernel/sched/core.c:537
       raw_spin_rq_lock kernel/sched/sched.h:1355 [inline]
       rq_lock kernel/sched/sched.h:1645 [inline]
       task_fork_fair+0x5c/0x350 kernel/sched/fair.c:11901
       sched_cgroup_fork+0x32c/0x3c0 kernel/sched/core.c:4685
       copy_process+0x24b8/0x4020 kernel/fork.c:2459
       kernel_clone+0x225/0x8b0 kernel/fork.c:2757
       user_mode_thread+0xda/0x130 kernel/fork.c:2833
       rest_init+0x23/0x300 init/main.c:710
       start_kernel+0x0/0x539 init/main.c:905
       start_kernel+0x490/0x539 init/main.c:1152
       secondary_startup_64_no_verify+0xcf/0xdb

-> #1 (&p->pi_lock){-.-.}-{2:2}:
       __raw_spin_lock_irqsave include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:110 [inline]
       _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0xa4/0xf0 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:162
       try_to_wake_up+0x5c/0x1080 kernel/sched/core.c:4111
       autoremove_wake_function+0x13/0xf0 kernel/sched/wait.c:419
       __wake_up_common+0x2a4/0x4e0 kernel/sched/wait.c:107
       __wake_up_common_lock kernel/sched/wait.c:138 [inline]
       __wake_up+0x10e/0x190 kernel/sched/wait.c:160
       rmqueue mm/page_alloc.c:3884 [inline]
       get_page_from_freelist+0x1759/0x1ac0 mm/page_alloc.c:4325
       __alloc_pages+0x1df/0x4e0 mm/page_alloc.c:5614
       alloc_slab_page+0x5d/0x160 mm/slub.c:1799
       allocate_slab mm/slub.c:1944 [inline]
       new_slab+0x87/0x2c0 mm/slub.c:1997
       ___slab_alloc+0xbc6/0x1230 mm/slub.c:3154
       __slab_alloc mm/slub.c:3240 [inline]
       slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3325 [inline]
       __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x1a0/0x260 mm/slub.c:3398
       __do_kmalloc_node mm/slab_common.c:935 [inline]
       __kmalloc_node_track_caller+0x9e/0x230 mm/slab_common.c:956
       kmalloc_reserve net/core/skbuff.c:446 [inline]
       __alloc_skb+0x22a/0x7e0 net/core/skbuff.c:515
       alloc_skb include/linux/skbuff.h:1271 [inline]
       nsim_dev_trap_skb_build drivers/net/netdevsim/dev.c:748 [inline]
       nsim_dev_trap_report drivers/net/netdevsim/dev.c:805 [inline]
       nsim_dev_trap_report_work+0x28f/0xaf0 drivers/net/netdevsim/dev.c:851
       process_one_work+0x898/0x1160 kernel/workqueue.c:2292
       worker_thread+0xaa2/0x1250 kernel/workqueue.c:2439
       kthread+0x29d/0x330 kernel/kthread.c:376
       ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:295

-> #0 (&pgdat->kswapd_wait){....}-{2:2}:
       check_prev_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3090 [inline]
       check_prevs_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3209 [inline]
       validate_chain kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3825 [inline]
       __lock_acquire+0x2cf8/0x7c50 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5049
       lock_acquire+0x1b4/0x490 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5662
       __raw_spin_lock_irqsave include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:110 [inline]
       _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0xa4/0xf0 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:162
       __wake_up_common_lock kernel/sched/wait.c:137 [inline]
       __wake_up+0xf4/0x190 kernel/sched/wait.c:160
       rmqueue mm/page_alloc.c:3884 [inline]
       get_page_from_freelist+0x1759/0x1ac0 mm/page_alloc.c:4325
       __alloc_pages+0x1df/0x4e0 mm/page_alloc.c:5614
       alloc_slab_page+0x5d/0x160 mm/slub.c:1799
       allocate_slab mm/slub.c:1944 [inline]
       new_slab+0x87/0x2c0 mm/slub.c:1997
       ___slab_alloc+0xbc6/0x1230 mm/slub.c:3154
       __slab_alloc mm/slub.c:3240 [inline]
       slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3325 [inline]
       __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x1a0/0x260 mm/slub.c:3398
       __do_kmalloc_node mm/slab_common.c:935 [inline]
       __kmalloc_node+0xa0/0x240 mm/slab_common.c:943
       kmalloc_node include/linux/slab.h:589 [inline]
       bpf_map_kmalloc_node+0xb8/0x1a0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:454
       lpm_trie_node_alloc kernel/bpf/lpm_trie.c:291 [inline]
       trie_update_elem+0x160/0xe90 kernel/bpf/lpm_trie.c:338
       bpf_map_update_value+0x59e/0x670 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:228
       generic_map_update_batch+0x569/0x850 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:1709
       bpf_map_do_batch+0x466/0x600 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:-1
       __sys_bpf+0x65f/0x6d0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:-1
       __do_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5131 [inline]
       __se_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5129 [inline]
       __x64_sys_bpf+0x78/0x90 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5129
       do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [inline]
       do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:81
       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x68/0xd2

other info that might help us debug this:

Chain exists of:
  &pgdat->kswapd_wait --> &rq->__lock --> &trie->lock

 Possible unsafe locking scenario:

       CPU0                    CPU1
       ----                    ----
  lock(&trie->lock);
                               lock(&rq->__lock);
                               lock(&trie->lock);
  lock(&pgdat->kswapd_wait);

 *** DEADLOCK ***

2 locks held by syz.6.2607/15125:
 #0: ffffffff8c92b120 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:2}, at: rcu_lock_acquire include/linux/rcupdate.h:350 [inline]
 #0: ffffffff8c92b120 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:2}, at: rcu_read_lock include/linux/rcupdate.h:791 [inline]
 #0: ffffffff8c92b120 (rcu_read_lock){....}-{1:2}, at: bpf_map_update_value+0x375/0x670 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:227
 #1: ffff888079b08238 (&trie->lock){....}-{2:2}, at: trie_update_elem+0xc4/0xe90 kernel/bpf/lpm_trie.c:335

stack backtrace:
CPU: 0 PID: 15125 Comm: syz.6.2607 Not tainted syzkaller #0
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x168/0x22e lib/dump_stack.c:106
 check_noncircular+0x274/0x310 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:2170
 check_prev_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3090 [inline]
 check_prevs_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3209 [inline]
 validate_chain kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3825 [inline]
 __lock_acquire+0x2cf8/0x7c50 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5049
 lock_acquire+0x1b4/0x490 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5662
 __raw_spin_lock_irqsave include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:110 [inline]
 _raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0xa4/0xf0 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:162
 __wake_up_common_lock kernel/sched/wait.c:137 [inline]
 __wake_up+0xf4/0x190 kernel/sched/wait.c:160
 rmqueue mm/page_alloc.c:3884 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x1759/0x1ac0 mm/page_alloc.c:4325
 __alloc_pages+0x1df/0x4e0 mm/page_alloc.c:5614
 alloc_slab_page+0x5d/0x160 mm/slub.c:1799
 allocate_slab mm/slub.c:1944 [inline]
 new_slab+0x87/0x2c0 mm/slub.c:1997
 ___slab_alloc+0xbc6/0x1230 mm/slub.c:3154
 __slab_alloc mm/slub.c:3240 [inline]
 slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3325 [inline]
 __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x1a0/0x260 mm/slub.c:3398
 __do_kmalloc_node mm/slab_common.c:935 [inline]
 __kmalloc_node+0xa0/0x240 mm/slab_common.c:943
 kmalloc_node include/linux/slab.h:589 [inline]
 bpf_map_kmalloc_node+0xb8/0x1a0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:454
 lpm_trie_node_alloc kernel/bpf/lpm_trie.c:291 [inline]
 trie_update_elem+0x160/0xe90 kernel/bpf/lpm_trie.c:338
 bpf_map_update_value+0x59e/0x670 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:228
 generic_map_update_batch+0x569/0x850 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:1709
 bpf_map_do_batch+0x466/0x600 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:-1
 __sys_bpf+0x65f/0x6d0 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:-1
 __do_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5131 [inline]
 __se_sys_bpf kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5129 [inline]
 __x64_sys_bpf+0x78/0x90 kernel/bpf/syscall.c:5129
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:51 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x4c/0xa0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:81
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x68/0xd2
RIP: 0033:0x7f4aa278f749
Code: ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 a8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007f4aa353f038 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000141
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f4aa29e5fa0 RCX: 00007f4aa278f749
RDX: 0000000000000038 RSI: 0000200000000000 RDI: 000000000000001a
RBP: 00007f4aa2813f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f4aa29e6038 R14: 00007f4aa29e5fa0 R15: 00007ffd5aed9b58
 </TASK>

Crashes (1):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2026/01/07 18:01 linux-6.1.y 50cbba13faa2 d6526ea3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci2-linux-6-1-kasan-perf possible deadlock in trie_update_elem
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.