WARNING: lock held when returning to user space in blk_throtl_init

Status: upstream: reported C repro on 2026/10/11 15:19
Subsystems: block
Labels: prio:high
[Documentation on labels]
Reported-by: syzbot+1eb53c83ab8b0a0302a6@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 6d17h, last: 1h14m
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ID Workflow Result Correct Bug Created Started Finished Revision
62f86f52 assessment-security DenialOfService: ✅ Exploitable: ❌ FilesystemTrigger: ❌ NetworkTrigger: ❌ PeripheralTrigger: ❌ RemoteTrigger: ❌ Unprivileged: ✅ UserNamespace: ❌ VMGuestTrigger: ❌ VMHostTrigger: ❌ ❓ WARNING: lock held when returning to user space in blk_throtl_init 2026/10/06 01:38 2026/10/06 01:38 2026/10/06 02:51 1995e6c7
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[syzbot] [block?] WARNING: lock held when returning to user space in blk_throtl_init 0 (1) 2026/10/11 15:19

Sample crash report:
null_blk: disk nullb1 created
================================================
WARNING: lock held when returning to user space!
syzkaller #0 Not tainted
------------------------------------------------
syz.0.452/6787 is leaving the kernel with locks still held!
locks held by syz.0.452/6787: 2, last CPU#0:
 #0: ffff88803652c190 (&q->q_usage_counter(io)#105){++++}-{0:0}, at: blk_mq_freeze_queue include/linux/blk-mq.h:956 [inline]
 #0: ffff88803652c190 (&q->q_usage_counter(io)#105){++++}-{0:0}, at: blk_throtl_init+0x27b/0x420 block/blk-throttle.c:1332
 #1: ffff88803652c1c8 (&q->q_usage_counter(queue)#88){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: blk_mq_freeze_queue include/linux/blk-mq.h:956 [inline]
 #1: ffff88803652c1c8 (&q->q_usage_counter(queue)#88){+.+.}-{0:0}, at: blk_throtl_init+0x27b/0x420 block/blk-throttle.c:1332

Crashes (3):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2026/10/11 15:18 linux-next becb95e45ef0 4f92358f .config console log report syz / log C [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-rust-kasan-gce WARNING: lock held when returning to user space in blk_throtl_init
2026/10/04 23:10 upstream 6addb4f38557 57bbd979 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-kasan-gce-root WARNING: lock held when returning to user space in blk_throtl_init
2026/10/11 03:42 linux-next becb95e45ef0 4f92358f .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-rust-kasan-gce WARNING: lock held when returning to user space in blk_throtl_init
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.