BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:5787d
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff88805787ddc0 pfn:0x5787d
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: ffff88805787ddc0 3fffffffffffffff 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823498045, free_ts 146377604850
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem+0x421/0x9b0 net/core/page_pool.c:1076
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:131 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb69/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
page last free pid 6032 tgid 6032 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline]
 tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290
 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline]
 rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857
 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622
 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline]
 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline]
 __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x1f0 kernel/softirq.c:723
 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739
 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline]
 sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056
 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:7ef4c
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x7ef4c
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823477716, free_ts 146377621665
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 6032 tgid 6032 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline]
 rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857
 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622
 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline]
 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline]
 __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x1f0 kernel/softirq.c:723
 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739
 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline]
 sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056
 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Tainted: G    B               syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:2ebc4
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x2ebc4
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823457673, free_ts 146377872005
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 24 tgid 24 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 vfree+0x25a/0x400 mm/vmalloc.c:3466
 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3257 [inline]
 process_scheduled_works+0xad1/0x1770 kernel/workqueue.c:3340
 worker_thread+0x8a0/0xda0 kernel/workqueue.c:3421
 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463
 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Tainted: G    B               syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:571aa
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff8880571aadc0 pfn:0x571aa
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: ffff8880571aadc0 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823409938, free_ts 146546601210
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 23 tgid 23 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline]
 tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290
 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline]
 rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857
 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622
 run_ksoftirqd+0x9b/0x100 kernel/softirq.c:1063
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x542/0xa60 kernel/smpboot.c:160
 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463
 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Tainted: G    B               syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:795e0
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x795e0
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823390397, free_ts 146546631218
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 23 tgid 23 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline]
 tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290
 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline]
 rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857
 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622
 run_ksoftirqd+0x9b/0x100 kernel/softirq.c:1063
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x542/0xa60 kernel/smpboot.c:160
 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463
 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Tainted: G    B               syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:27971
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888027971000 pfn:0x27971
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: ffff888027971000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823371664, free_ts 146546657971
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 23 tgid 23 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline]
 tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290
 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline]
 rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857
 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622
 run_ksoftirqd+0x9b/0x100 kernel/softirq.c:1063
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x542/0xa60 kernel/smpboot.c:160
 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463
 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Tainted: G    B               syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:2defa
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff88802defa640 pfn:0x2defa
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: ffff88802defa640 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823352127, free_ts 146546682419
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 23 tgid 23 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline]
 tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290
 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline]
 rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857
 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622
 run_ksoftirqd+0x9b/0x100 kernel/softirq.c:1063
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x542/0xa60 kernel/smpboot.c:160
 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463
 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Tainted: G    B               syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:2da21
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffffffffffffffff pfn:0x2da21
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: ffffffffffffffff 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823333031, free_ts 146546708443
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 23 tgid 23 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline]
 tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290
 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline]
 rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857
 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622
 run_ksoftirqd+0x9b/0x100 kernel/softirq.c:1063
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x542/0xa60 kernel/smpboot.c:160
 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463
 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Tainted: G    B               syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:27acc
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x27acc
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823313753, free_ts 146546735473
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 23 tgid 23 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline]
 tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290
 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline]
 rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857
 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622
 run_ksoftirqd+0x9b/0x100 kernel/softirq.c:1063
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x542/0xa60 kernel/smpboot.c:160
 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463
 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Tainted: G    B               syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:1e359
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff88801e359000 pfn:0x1e359
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: ffff88801e359000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823294513, free_ts 146546751078
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 23 tgid 23 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline]
 tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290
 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline]
 rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857
 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622
 run_ksoftirqd+0x9b/0x100 kernel/softirq.c:1063
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x542/0xa60 kernel/smpboot.c:160
 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463
 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Tainted: G    B               syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:57287
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x57287
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823275517, free_ts 146546778760
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 23 tgid 23 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline]
 tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290
 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline]
 rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857
 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622
 run_ksoftirqd+0x9b/0x100 kernel/softirq.c:1063
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x542/0xa60 kernel/smpboot.c:160
 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463
 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Tainted: G    B               syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>
BUG: Bad page state in process syz.3.404  pfn:2da20
page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x2da20
flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff)
raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff888020acb000 0000000000000000
raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000
page dumped because: page_pool leak
page_owner tracks the page as allocated
page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 7686, tgid 7682 (syz.3.404), ts 146823256286, free_ts 146546806205
 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline]
 post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1846
 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1854 [inline]
 get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3915
 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5210
 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline]
 alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5164
 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline]
 __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616
 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline]
 page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline]
 page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline]
 skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972
 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline]
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
page last free pid 23 tgid 23 stack trace:
 reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1395 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xbc8/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline]
 tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290
 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline]
 rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857
 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622
 run_ksoftirqd+0x9b/0x100 kernel/softirq.c:1063
 smpboot_thread_fn+0x542/0xa60 kernel/smpboot.c:160
 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463
 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7686 Comm: syz.3.404 Tainted: G    B               syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:650
 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1083 [inline]
 free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1387 [inline]
 __free_frozen_pages+0xce6/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2943
 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226
 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline]
 bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241
 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24
 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline]
 bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416
 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline]
 do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594
 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947
 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline]
 __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250
 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline]
 netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395
 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485
 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953
 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999
 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline]
 vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686
 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f5387d8e1ff
Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48
RSP: 002b:00007f5385fd5000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f5387fe6090 RCX: 00007f5387d8e1ff
RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000000000c8
RBP: 00007f5387e13f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f5387fe6128 R14: 00007f5387fe6090 R15: 00007ffc344f2418
 </TASK>