BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:7b638 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff88807b638dc0 pfn:0x7b638 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff88807b638dc0 3ffffffffffffffe 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240560311590, free_ts 240547998613 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_frag_netmem+0x421/0x9b0 net/core/page_pool.c:1076 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:131 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_alloc_va include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:198 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc_va include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:221 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x285/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:939 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 page last free pid 9098 tgid 9098 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x1f0 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:7c49b page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x200000000 pfn:0x7c49b flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000200000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240561336844, free_ts 240458733876 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 page last free pid 7620 tgid 7620 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 __folio_put+0x21b/0x2c0 mm/swap.c:112 page_pool_empty_ring net/core/page_pool.c:1117 [inline] page_pool_scrub net/core/page_pool.c:1183 [inline] page_pool_release+0x852/0xd80 net/core/page_pool.c:1191 page_pool_release_retry+0x20/0x270 net/core/page_pool.c:1209 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3257 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xad1/0x1770 kernel/workqueue.c:3340 worker_thread+0x8a0/0xda0 kernel/workqueue.c:3421 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:52b22 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x52b22 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240561318129, free_ts 240458749157 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 page last free pid 7620 tgid 7620 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 __folio_put+0x21b/0x2c0 mm/swap.c:112 page_pool_empty_ring net/core/page_pool.c:1117 [inline] page_pool_scrub net/core/page_pool.c:1183 [inline] page_pool_release+0x852/0xd80 net/core/page_pool.c:1191 page_pool_release_retry+0x20/0x270 net/core/page_pool.c:1209 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3257 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xad1/0x1770 kernel/workqueue.c:3340 worker_thread+0x8a0/0xda0 kernel/workqueue.c:3421 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:78b0d page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffffffff00000000 pfn:0x78b0d flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffffffff00000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240561298725, free_ts 240458763427 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 page last free pid 7620 tgid 7620 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 __folio_put+0x21b/0x2c0 mm/swap.c:112 page_pool_empty_ring net/core/page_pool.c:1117 [inline] page_pool_scrub net/core/page_pool.c:1183 [inline] page_pool_release+0x852/0xd80 net/core/page_pool.c:1191 page_pool_release_retry+0x20/0x270 net/core/page_pool.c:1209 process_one_work kernel/workqueue.c:3257 [inline] process_scheduled_works+0xad1/0x1770 kernel/workqueue.c:3340 worker_thread+0x8a0/0xda0 kernel/workqueue.c:3421 kthread+0x711/0x8a0 kernel/kthread.c:463 ret_from_fork+0x599/0xb30 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:246 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:26eca page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x26eca flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240561279758, free_ts 240546748330 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 page last free pid 9098 tgid 9098 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 tlb_batch_list_free mm/mmu_gather.c:159 [inline] tlb_finish_mmu+0x112/0x1d0 mm/mmu_gather.c:500 exit_mmap+0x43f/0xb20 mm/mmap.c:1293 __mmput+0x118/0x430 kernel/fork.c:1130 exit_mm+0x1da/0x2c0 kernel/exit.c:583 do_exit+0x658/0x2310 kernel/exit.c:961 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1114 __do_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1125 [inline] __se_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1123 [inline] __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3f/0x40 kernel/exit.c:1123 __pfx_syscall_get_nr+0x0/0x10 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:232 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:752ff page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff8880752ff040 pfn:0x752ff flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff8880752ff040 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240561261707, free_ts 240546763737 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 page last free pid 9098 tgid 9098 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 tlb_batch_list_free mm/mmu_gather.c:159 [inline] tlb_finish_mmu+0x112/0x1d0 mm/mmu_gather.c:500 exit_mmap+0x43f/0xb20 mm/mmap.c:1293 __mmput+0x118/0x430 kernel/fork.c:1130 exit_mm+0x1da/0x2c0 kernel/exit.c:583 do_exit+0x658/0x2310 kernel/exit.c:961 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1114 __do_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1125 [inline] __se_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1123 [inline] __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3f/0x40 kernel/exit.c:1123 __pfx_syscall_get_nr+0x0/0x10 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:232 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:31eb0 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888031eb0f00 pfn:0x31eb0 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888031eb0f00 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240561244626, free_ts 240546779178 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 page last free pid 9098 tgid 9098 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 tlb_batch_list_free mm/mmu_gather.c:159 [inline] tlb_finish_mmu+0x112/0x1d0 mm/mmu_gather.c:500 exit_mmap+0x43f/0xb20 mm/mmap.c:1293 __mmput+0x118/0x430 kernel/fork.c:1130 exit_mm+0x1da/0x2c0 kernel/exit.c:583 do_exit+0x658/0x2310 kernel/exit.c:961 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1114 __do_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1125 [inline] __se_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1123 [inline] __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3f/0x40 kernel/exit.c:1123 __pfx_syscall_get_nr+0x0/0x10 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:232 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:69998 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x69998 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240561209229, free_ts 240546794877 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 page last free pid 9098 tgid 9098 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 tlb_batch_list_free mm/mmu_gather.c:159 [inline] tlb_finish_mmu+0x112/0x1d0 mm/mmu_gather.c:500 exit_mmap+0x43f/0xb20 mm/mmap.c:1293 __mmput+0x118/0x430 kernel/fork.c:1130 exit_mm+0x1da/0x2c0 kernel/exit.c:583 do_exit+0x658/0x2310 kernel/exit.c:961 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1114 __do_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1125 [inline] __se_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1123 [inline] __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3f/0x40 kernel/exit.c:1123 __pfx_syscall_get_nr+0x0/0x10 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:232 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:23ef4 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888023ef4dc0 pfn:0x23ef4 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888023ef4dc0 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240561190599, free_ts 240547675162 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 page last free pid 9098 tgid 9098 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x1f0 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:575dc page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff8880575dc780 pfn:0x575dc flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff8880575dc780 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240561172045, free_ts 240547716985 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 page last free pid 9098 tgid 9098 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x1f0 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:317f3 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x317f3 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240561152999, free_ts 240547754356 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 page last free pid 9098 tgid 9098 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x1f0 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.0.818 pfn:245dd page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x245dd flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff88801a1c8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 9119, tgid 9118 (syz.0.818), ts 240561135114, free_ts 240547769929 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x234/0x290 mm/page_alloc.c:1845 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1853 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0x2365/0x2440 mm/page_alloc.c:3879 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x181/0x370 mm/page_alloc.c:5183 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5217 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x560/0x710 mm/page_alloc.c:5137 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x14c/0x710 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0xb47/0x13e0 net/core/skbuff.c:972 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5485 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5526 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x699/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 page last free pid 9098 tgid 9098 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1394 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xbc4/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x85/0x100 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0xd70/0x1870 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x27d/0x850 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x1f0 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 9119 Comm: syz.0.818 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: dump_stack_lvl+0x189/0x250 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0x180/0x1c0 mm/page_alloc.c:649 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1082 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1386 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0xce2/0xd30 mm/page_alloc.c:2901 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail+0x4f7/0x7f0 net/core/filter.c:4226 ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x1d6/0x220 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x665/0x14c0 net/core/dev.c:5416 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5532 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x9f7/0x1190 net/core/dev.c:5594 __netif_receive_skb_core+0x10b6/0x2f90 net/core/dev.c:5947 __netif_receive_skb_one_core net/core/dev.c:6135 [inline] __netif_receive_skb+0x72/0x380 net/core/dev.c:6250 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6336 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x1bb/0x750 net/core/dev.c:6395 tun_rx_batched+0x1b9/0x730 drivers/net/tun.c:1485 tun_get_user+0x2aa3/0x3dc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0x113/0x200 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x5c9/0xb30 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x145/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7fd22f58e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007fd23039f000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 RCX: 00007fd22f58e1ff RDX: 000000000000fdef RSI: 0000200000000100 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007fd22f613f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 000000000000fdef R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007fd22f7e6038 R14: 00007fd22f7e5fa0 R15: 00007ffcbaadbe28