------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 11 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 11 Comm: kworker/u4:1 Not tainted 6.1.141-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 sp : ffff8000080078c0 x29: ffff8000080078c0 x28: ffff0000cdc0d000 x27: ffff0000d17d0608 x26: ffff0000e2e82370 x25: dfff800000000000 x24: 1fffe0001a2fa0c1 x23: ffff0000f4bb7400 x22: ffff0000cd799d94 x21: ffff0000dcb30880 x20: ffff0000cd799d94 x19: ffff800017a32000 x18: ffff800011a7bce0 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffff8000082d1c00 x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 00000000ffffffff x13: 0000000000000001 x12: 0000000000ff0100 x11: ff0080000819149c x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 55e4bb5d1d0b1400 x8 : 55e4bb5d1d0b1400 x7 : 0000000000000001 x6 : 0000000000000001 x5 : ffff800008007358 x4 : ffff800015154700 x3 : ffff80000852da40 x2 : 0000000000000001 x1 : 0000000100000100 x0 : 0000000000000000 Call trace: refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:250 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:267 [inline] get_net include/net/net_namespace.h:257 [inline] tipc_aead_encrypt net/tipc/crypto.c:821 [inline] tipc_crypto_xmit+0x1518/0x2014 net/tipc/crypto.c:1761 tipc_bearer_xmit_skb+0x1f0/0x384 net/tipc/bearer.c:574 tipc_disc_timeout+0x4c8/0x608 net/tipc/discover.c:338 call_timer_fn+0x1b8/0x964 kernel/time/timer.c:1504 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1549 [inline] __run_timers+0x460/0x6bc kernel/time/timer.c:1820 run_timer_softirq+0x7c/0x114 kernel/time/timer.c:1833 handle_softirqs+0x318/0xc6c kernel/softirq.c:596 __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ____do_softirq+0x14/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:80 call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x4c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:893 do_softirq_own_stack+0x20/0x2c arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:85 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:477 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x23c/0x43c kernel/softirq.c:679 irq_exit_rcu+0x14/0x84 kernel/softirq.c:691 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:472 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x38/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 arch_local_irq_restore arch/arm64/include/asm/irqflags.h:122 [inline] lockdep_unregister_key+0x390/0x438 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:6368 __qdisc_destroy+0x13c/0x500 net/sched/sch_generic.c:1078 qdisc_put net/sched/sch_generic.c:1104 [inline] dev_shutdown+0x35c/0x47c net/sched/sch_generic.c:1492 unregister_netdevice_many+0x944/0x1740 net/core/dev.c:10969 ip6gre_exit_batch_net+0x418/0x468 net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c:1669 ops_exit_list net/core/net_namespace.c:177 [inline] cleanup_net+0x644/0xa74 net/core/net_namespace.c:640 process_one_work+0x7f4/0x13a8 kernel/workqueue.c:2292 worker_thread+0x8c8/0xfbc kernel/workqueue.c:2439 kthread+0x250/0x2d8 kernel/kthread.c:376 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:864 irq event stamp: 4753275 hardirqs last enabled at (4753274): [] __up_console_sem+0xb4/0x100 kernel/printk/printk.c:261 hardirqs last disabled at (4753275): [] el1_dbg+0x24/0x80 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:405 softirqs last enabled at (4752770): [] spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:396 [inline] softirqs last enabled at (4752770): [] netif_addr_unlock_bh include/linux/netdevice.h:4510 [inline] softirqs last enabled at (4752770): [] dev_mc_flush+0x1b0/0x1f4 net/core/dev_addr_lists.c:1036 softirqs last disabled at (4753187): [] __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 11 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 11 Comm: kworker/u4:1 Tainted: G W 6.1.141-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 sp : ffff8000080078c0 x29: ffff8000080078c0 x28: ffff0000cdc0d000 x27: 0000000000000000 x26: ffff0000e2e82370 x25: dfff800000000000 x24: 1fffe0001c5d0478 x23: 1fffe000181356f1 x22: ffff0000d17d0600 x21: 00000000c0000000 x20: ffff0000cd799d94 x19: ffff800017a32000 x18: ffff800011a7bce0 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffff8000082d1c00 x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 00000000ffffffff x13: 0000000000000001 x12: 0000000000ff0100 x11: ff0080000819149c x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 55e4bb5d1d0b1400 x8 : 55e4bb5d1d0b1400 x7 : 0000000000000001 x6 : 0000000000000001 x5 : ffff800008007358 x4 : ffff800015154700 x3 : ffff8000083115f4 x2 : 0000000000000001 x1 : 0000000000000100 x0 : 0000000000000000 Call trace: refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 __refcount_sub_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:283 [inline] __refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:315 [inline] refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:333 [inline] put_net include/net/net_namespace.h:276 [inline] tipc_aead_encrypt net/tipc/crypto.c:829 [inline] tipc_crypto_xmit+0x1664/0x2014 net/tipc/crypto.c:1761 tipc_bearer_xmit_skb+0x1f0/0x384 net/tipc/bearer.c:574 tipc_disc_timeout+0x4c8/0x608 net/tipc/discover.c:338 call_timer_fn+0x1b8/0x964 kernel/time/timer.c:1504 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1549 [inline] __run_timers+0x460/0x6bc kernel/time/timer.c:1820 run_timer_softirq+0x7c/0x114 kernel/time/timer.c:1833 handle_softirqs+0x318/0xc6c kernel/softirq.c:596 __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ____do_softirq+0x14/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:80 call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x4c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:893 do_softirq_own_stack+0x20/0x2c arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:85 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:477 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x23c/0x43c kernel/softirq.c:679 irq_exit_rcu+0x14/0x84 kernel/softirq.c:691 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:472 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x38/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 arch_local_irq_restore arch/arm64/include/asm/irqflags.h:122 [inline] lockdep_unregister_key+0x390/0x438 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:6368 __qdisc_destroy+0x13c/0x500 net/sched/sch_generic.c:1078 qdisc_put net/sched/sch_generic.c:1104 [inline] dev_shutdown+0x35c/0x47c net/sched/sch_generic.c:1492 unregister_netdevice_many+0x944/0x1740 net/core/dev.c:10969 ip6gre_exit_batch_net+0x418/0x468 net/ipv6/ip6_gre.c:1669 ops_exit_list net/core/net_namespace.c:177 [inline] cleanup_net+0x644/0xa74 net/core/net_namespace.c:640 process_one_work+0x7f4/0x13a8 kernel/workqueue.c:2292 worker_thread+0x8c8/0xfbc kernel/workqueue.c:2439 kthread+0x250/0x2d8 kernel/kthread.c:376 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:864 irq event stamp: 4753311 hardirqs last enabled at (4753310): [] __up_console_sem+0xb4/0x100 kernel/printk/printk.c:261 hardirqs last disabled at (4753311): [] el1_dbg+0x24/0x80 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:405 softirqs last enabled at (4752770): [] spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:396 [inline] softirqs last enabled at (4752770): [] netif_addr_unlock_bh include/linux/netdevice.h:4510 [inline] softirqs last enabled at (4752770): [] dev_mc_flush+0x1b0/0x1f4 net/core/dev_addr_lists.c:1036 softirqs last disabled at (4753187): [] __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 7866 at lib/refcount.c:22 refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 7866 Comm: syz-executor Tainted: G W 6.1.141-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 sp : ffff8000080078c0 x29: ffff8000080078c0 x28: ffff0000f2571000 x27: ffff0000d17d0608 x26: ffff0000e2e82370 x25: dfff800000000000 x24: 1fffe0001a2fa0c1 x23: ffff0000f4bb7400 x22: ffff0000cd799d94 x21: 000000007ffffffe x20: ffff0000cd799d94 x19: ffff800017a32000 x18: ffff800011a7bce0 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffff8000082d1c00 x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 00000000ffffffff x13: 0000000000000001 x12: 0000000000ff0100 x11: ff0080000819149c x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 436537a8ae6f8b00 x8 : 436537a8ae6f8b00 x7 : 0000000000000001 x6 : 0000000000000001 x5 : ffff800008007358 x4 : ffff800015154700 x3 : ffff80000852da40 x2 : 0000000000000001 x1 : 0000000000000102 x0 : 0000000000000000 Call trace: refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:250 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:267 [inline] get_net include/net/net_namespace.h:257 [inline] tipc_aead_encrypt net/tipc/crypto.c:821 [inline] tipc_crypto_xmit+0x1518/0x2014 net/tipc/crypto.c:1761 tipc_bearer_xmit_skb+0x1f0/0x384 net/tipc/bearer.c:574 tipc_disc_timeout+0x4c8/0x608 net/tipc/discover.c:338 call_timer_fn+0x1b8/0x964 kernel/time/timer.c:1504 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1549 [inline] __run_timers+0x460/0x6bc kernel/time/timer.c:1820 run_timer_softirq+0x7c/0x114 kernel/time/timer.c:1833 handle_softirqs+0x318/0xc6c kernel/softirq.c:596 __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ____do_softirq+0x14/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:80 call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x4c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:893 do_softirq_own_stack+0x20/0x2c arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:85 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:477 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x23c/0x43c kernel/softirq.c:679 irq_exit_rcu+0x14/0x84 kernel/softirq.c:691 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:472 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x38/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 generic_test_bit include/asm-generic/bitops/generic-non-atomic.h:128 [inline] nr_pcp_high mm/page_alloc.c:3429 [inline] free_unref_page_commit+0x1c8/0x3e8 mm/page_alloc.c:3460 free_unref_page+0x18c/0x3a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3502 free_the_page mm/page_alloc.c:754 [inline] __free_pages+0x1a4/0x1d0 mm/page_alloc.c:5703 __vunmap+0x81c/0x9f0 mm/vmalloc.c:2718 __vfree mm/vmalloc.c:2767 [inline] vfree+0xbc/0x150 mm/vmalloc.c:2798 kcov_put kernel/kcov.c:437 [inline] kcov_close+0x3c/0x98 kernel/kcov.c:533 __fput+0x1bc/0x7c0 fs/file_table.c:320 ____fput+0x20/0x30 fs/file_table.c:348 task_work_run+0x1ec/0x270 kernel/task_work.c:203 exit_task_work include/linux/task_work.h:39 [inline] do_exit+0x544/0x19a8 kernel/exit.c:871 do_group_exit+0x194/0x22c kernel/exit.c:1021 get_signal+0x11d0/0x1310 kernel/signal.c:2871 do_signal arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c:1081 [inline] do_notify_resume+0x340/0x2b0c arch/arm64/kernel/signal.c:1134 prepare_exit_to_user_mode arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:137 [inline] exit_to_user_mode arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:142 [inline] el0_svc+0x98/0x138 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:638 el0t_64_sync_handler+0x84/0xf0 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:655 el0t_64_sync+0x18c/0x190 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:585 irq event stamp: 116065 hardirqs last enabled at (116064): [] __up_console_sem+0xb4/0x100 kernel/printk/printk.c:261 hardirqs last disabled at (116065): [] el1_dbg+0x24/0x80 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:405 softirqs last enabled at (114724): [] softirq_handle_end kernel/softirq.c:439 [inline] softirqs last enabled at (114724): [] handle_softirqs+0xaf8/0xc6c kernel/softirq.c:624 softirqs last disabled at (116033): [] __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---