------------[ cut here ]------------ WARNING: ./include/linux/ns_common.h:255 at __ns_ref_put include/linux/ns_common.h:255 [inline], CPU#0: syz.3.65/6139 WARNING: ./include/linux/ns_common.h:255 at put_user_ns include/linux/user_namespace.h:189 [inline], CPU#0: syz.3.65/6139 WARNING: ./include/linux/ns_common.h:255 at put_cred_rcu+0x2c5/0x340 kernel/cred.c:61, CPU#0: syz.3.65/6139 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 6139 Comm: syz.3.65 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 RIP: 0010:__ns_ref_put include/linux/ns_common.h:255 [inline] RIP: 0010:put_user_ns include/linux/user_namespace.h:189 [inline] RIP: 0010:put_cred_rcu+0x2c5/0x340 kernel/cred.c:61 Code: 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d e9 b8 25 8e 00 e8 13 a7 32 00 4c 89 e7 be 03 00 00 00 e8 a6 02 02 03 e9 b8 fe ff ff e8 fc a6 32 00 90 <0f> 0b 90 eb 9f e8 f1 a6 32 00 4c 89 ff be 03 00 00 00 e8 84 02 02 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000007ba8 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: ffffffff818ed934 RBX: ffff888032a9f4a0 RCX: ffff88802b0c5b80 RDX: 0000000000000100 RSI: 0000000000000004 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: 0000000000000004 R08: ffff8880313ac193 R09: 1ffff11006275832 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed1006275833 R12: dffffc0000000000 R13: ffff888032a9f400 R14: ffff8880313ac000 R15: ffff8880313ac190 FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff888125ec2000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007fa4d045d000 CR3: 0000000076ba6000 CR4: 00000000003526f0 Call Trace: rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0xcab/0x1770 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2861 handle_softirqs+0x286/0x870 kernel/softirq.c:626 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:660 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x1f0 kernel/softirq.c:727 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:743 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 RIP: 0010:lock_acquire+0x175/0x360 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5872 Code: 00 00 00 00 9c 8f 44 24 30 f7 44 24 30 00 02 00 00 0f 85 cd 00 00 00 f7 44 24 08 00 02 00 00 74 01 fb 65 48 8b 05 9b 9e d7 10 <48> 3b 44 24 58 0f 85 f2 00 00 00 48 83 c4 60 5b 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e RSP: 0018:ffffc9000564f220 EFLAGS: 00000206 RAX: 02ca7c4d00139400 RBX: 0000000000000000 RCX: 02ca7c4d00139400 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff8d96e376 RDI: ffffffff8bbf41e0 RBP: ffffffff8230935f R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffffff8230935f R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffff9400032c7af R12: 0000000000000002 R13: ffffffff8df3b720 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: 0000000000000246 rcu_lock_acquire include/linux/rcupdate.h:331 [inline] rcu_read_lock include/linux/rcupdate.h:867 [inline] __lruvec_stat_mod_folio+0x8b/0x2e0 mm/memcontrol.c:787 __folio_mod_stat mm/rmap.c:1215 [inline] __folio_remove_rmap mm/rmap.c:1752 [inline] folio_remove_rmap_ptes+0x387/0x1060 mm/rmap.c:1779 zap_present_folio_ptes mm/memory.c:1654 [inline] zap_present_ptes mm/memory.c:1712 [inline] do_zap_pte_range mm/memory.c:1814 [inline] zap_pte_range mm/memory.c:1858 [inline] zap_pmd_range mm/memory.c:1950 [inline] zap_pud_range mm/memory.c:1979 [inline] zap_p4d_range mm/memory.c:2000 [inline] unmap_page_range+0x1e5e/0x4140 mm/memory.c:2021 unmap_single_vma mm/memory.c:2064 [inline] unmap_vmas+0x399/0x580 mm/memory.c:2108 exit_mmap+0x240/0xb40 mm/mmap.c:1277 __mmput+0x118/0x430 kernel/fork.c:1132 exit_mm+0x1da/0x2c0 kernel/exit.c:581 do_exit+0x650/0x2300 kernel/exit.c:958 do_group_exit+0x21c/0x2d0 kernel/exit.c:1111 get_signal+0x1285/0x1340 kernel/signal.c:3034 arch_do_signal_or_restart+0x9a/0x7a0 arch/x86/kernel/signal.c:337 __exit_to_user_mode_loop kernel/entry/common.c:41 [inline] exit_to_user_mode_loop+0x87/0x4f0 kernel/entry/common.c:75 __exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:226 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_prepare include/linux/irq-entry-common.h:256 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode_work include/linux/entry-common.h:159 [inline] syscall_exit_to_user_mode include/linux/entry-common.h:194 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x2e9/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:100 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f54bc18f6c9 Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0x7f54bc18f69f. RSP: 002b:00007f54bd0a6fe8 EFLAGS: 00000202 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000038 RAX: fffffffffffffffc RBX: 00007f54bc3e5fa0 RCX: 00007f54bc18f6c9 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000010 RDI: 498144ee5f62e049 RBP: 00007f54bc211f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000202 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f54bc3e6038 R14: 00007f54bc3e5fa0 R15: 00007ffe1116b2d8 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess): 0: 00 00 add %al,(%rax) 2: 00 00 add %al,(%rax) 4: 9c pushf 5: 8f 44 24 30 pop 0x30(%rsp) 9: f7 44 24 30 00 02 00 testl $0x200,0x30(%rsp) 10: 00 11: 0f 85 cd 00 00 00 jne 0xe4 17: f7 44 24 08 00 02 00 testl $0x200,0x8(%rsp) 1e: 00 1f: 74 01 je 0x22 21: fb sti 22: 65 48 8b 05 9b 9e d7 mov %gs:0x10d79e9b(%rip),%rax # 0x10d79ec5 29: 10 * 2a: 48 3b 44 24 58 cmp 0x58(%rsp),%rax <-- trapping instruction 2f: 0f 85 f2 00 00 00 jne 0x127 35: 48 83 c4 60 add $0x60,%rsp 39: 5b pop %rbx 3a: 41 5c pop %r12 3c: 41 5d pop %r13 3e: 41 5e pop %r14