------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory. WARNING: lib/refcount.c:22 at refcount_warn_saturate+0x8c/0x110 lib/refcount.c:22, CPU#0: syz.9.3380/18386 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 18386 Comm: syz.9.3380 Tainted: G L syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [L]=SOFTLOCKUP Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 02/12/2026 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x8c/0x110 lib/refcount.c:22 Code: 75 68 e8 a7 63 0b fd 48 8d 3d d0 f8 83 0b 67 48 0f b9 3a eb 66 85 db 74 3e 83 fb 01 75 4c e8 8b 63 0b fd 48 8d 3d c4 f8 83 0b <67> 48 0f b9 3a eb 4a e8 78 63 0b fd 48 8d 3d c1 f8 83 0b 67 48 0f RSP: 0018:ffffc9000e10f758 EFLAGS: 00010287 RAX: ffffffff84ba8fc5 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: 0000000000080000 RDX: ffffc9000e2c7000 RSI: 0000000000000968 RDI: ffffffff903e8890 RBP: 00000000ffffffff R08: ffff88803b200000 R09: 0000000000000005 R10: 0000000000000004 R11: 0000000000000002 R12: ffff88802c6f2c18 R13: ffffffff9b085ee0 R14: ffff88802c6f2c10 R15: ffff88802c6f2c00 FS: 00007ff38dbf66c0(0000) GS:ffff888124fff000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007ff38f985800 CR3: 000000007eb62000 CR4: 00000000003526f0 Call Trace: __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:366 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:383 [inline] kref_get include/linux/kref.h:45 [inline] dvb_device_get drivers/media/dvb-core/dvbdev.c:624 [inline] dvb_device_open+0x316/0x350 drivers/media/dvb-core/dvbdev.c:106 chrdev_open+0x4cd/0x5e0 fs/char_dev.c:411 do_dentry_open+0x785/0x14e0 fs/open.c:949 vfs_open+0x3b/0x340 fs/open.c:1081 do_open fs/namei.c:4671 [inline] path_openat+0x2e08/0x3860 fs/namei.c:4830 do_file_open+0x23e/0x4a0 fs/namei.c:4859 do_sys_openat2+0x113/0x200 fs/open.c:1366 do_sys_open fs/open.c:1372 [inline] __do_sys_openat fs/open.c:1388 [inline] __se_sys_openat fs/open.c:1383 [inline] __x64_sys_openat+0x138/0x170 fs/open.c:1383 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0x14d/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7ff38f95cece Code: 08 0f 85 a5 a8 ff ff 49 89 fb 48 89 f0 48 89 d7 48 89 ce 4c 89 c2 4d 89 ca 4c 8b 44 24 08 4c 8b 4c 24 10 4c 89 5c 24 08 0f 05 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 48 83 ec 08 RSP: 002b:00007ff38dbf5b28 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000101 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ff38dbf66c0 RCX: 00007ff38f95cece RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ff38dbf5c00 RDI: ffffffffffffff9c RBP: 00007ff38dbf5c00 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: cccccccccccccccd R13: 00007ff38fc16038 R14: 00007ff38fc15fa0 R15: 00007ffc86677c88 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess): 0: 75 68 jne 0x6a 2: e8 a7 63 0b fd call 0xfd0b63ae 7: 48 8d 3d d0 f8 83 0b lea 0xb83f8d0(%rip),%rdi # 0xb83f8de e: 67 48 0f b9 3a ud1 (%edx),%rdi 13: eb 66 jmp 0x7b 15: 85 db test %ebx,%ebx 17: 74 3e je 0x57 19: 83 fb 01 cmp $0x1,%ebx 1c: 75 4c jne 0x6a 1e: e8 8b 63 0b fd call 0xfd0b63ae 23: 48 8d 3d c4 f8 83 0b lea 0xb83f8c4(%rip),%rdi # 0xb83f8ee * 2a: 67 48 0f b9 3a ud1 (%edx),%rdi <-- trapping instruction 2f: eb 4a jmp 0x7b 31: e8 78 63 0b fd call 0xfd0b63ae 36: 48 8d 3d c1 f8 83 0b lea 0xb83f8c1(%rip),%rdi # 0xb83f8fe 3d: 67 addr32 3e: 48 rex.W 3f: 0f .byte 0xf