================================================================== BUG: KASAN: use-after-free in kobject_get+0x113/0x120 lib/kobject.c:663 Read of size 1 at addr ffff88810ae7683c by task syz-executor997/328 CPU: 1 PID: 328 Comm: syz-executor997 Not tainted syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 Call Trace: __dump_stack+0x21/0x24 lib/dump_stack.c:77 dump_stack_lvl+0x1a7/0x208 lib/dump_stack.c:118 print_address_description+0x7f/0x2c0 mm/kasan/report.c:248 __kasan_report mm/kasan/report.c:435 [inline] kasan_report+0x100/0x140 mm/kasan/report.c:452 __asan_report_load1_noabort+0x14/0x20 mm/kasan/report_generic.c:306 kobject_get+0x113/0x120 lib/kobject.c:663 get_device drivers/base/core.c:3361 [inline] device_add+0x331/0xc00 drivers/base/core.c:3191 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:3960 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4002 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:636 configfs_mkdir+0x5d2/0xd90 fs/configfs/dir.c:1354 vfs_mkdir+0x42c/0x600 fs/namei.c:3798 do_mkdirat+0x14c/0x340 fs/namei.c:3820 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:3831 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:3829 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x7b/0x90 fs/namei.c:3829 do_syscall_64+0x31/0x40 arch/x86/entry/common.c:46 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x61/0xcb RIP: 0033:0x7ffa70197639 Code: c0 79 93 eb d5 48 8d 7c 1d 00 eb 99 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 d8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007ffd35a2b938 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0031672f74656764 RCX: 00007ffa70197639 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000ffffff9c RBP: 00000000000f4240 R08: 0000000000000009 R09: 0000000000000009 R10: 0000000000000009 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00000000000061f2 R13: 00007ffd35a2b94c R14: 00007ffd35a2b960 R15: 00007ffd35a2b950 Allocated by task 304: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:38 [inline] kasan_set_track mm/kasan/common.c:45 [inline] set_alloc_info mm/kasan/common.c:430 [inline] ____kasan_kmalloc mm/kasan/common.c:509 [inline] __kasan_kmalloc+0xd4/0x100 mm/kasan/common.c:518 kasan_kmalloc include/linux/kasan.h:254 [inline] kmem_cache_alloc_trace+0x179/0x2e0 mm/slub.c:2979 kmalloc include/linux/slab.h:555 [inline] kzalloc include/linux/slab.h:667 [inline] device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:3942 [inline] device_create+0x13a/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4002 android_device_create drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:1789 [inline] gadgets_make+0x816/0xa70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:1886 configfs_mkdir+0x5d2/0xd90 fs/configfs/dir.c:1354 vfs_mkdir+0x42c/0x600 fs/namei.c:3798 do_mkdirat+0x14c/0x340 fs/namei.c:3820 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:3831 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:3829 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x7b/0x90 fs/namei.c:3829 do_syscall_64+0x31/0x40 arch/x86/entry/common.c:46 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x61/0xcb Freed by task 304: kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:38 [inline] kasan_set_track+0x4a/0x70 mm/kasan/common.c:45 kasan_set_free_info+0x23/0x40 mm/kasan/generic.c:370 ____kasan_slab_free+0x125/0x160 mm/kasan/common.c:362 __kasan_slab_free+0x11/0x20 mm/kasan/common.c:370 kasan_slab_free include/linux/kasan.h:220 [inline] slab_free_hook mm/slub.c:1600 [inline] slab_free_freelist_hook+0xc5/0x190 mm/slub.c:1626 slab_free mm/slub.c:3208 [inline] kfree+0xc0/0x270 mm/slub.c:4196 device_create_release+0x15/0x20 drivers/base/core.c:3927 device_release+0x96/0x1c0 drivers/base/core.c:-1 kobject_cleanup lib/kobject.c:713 [inline] kobject_release lib/kobject.c:744 [inline] kref_put include/linux/kref.h:65 [inline] kobject_put+0x18a/0x270 lib/kobject.c:761 put_device drivers/base/core.c:3373 [inline] device_unregister drivers/base/core.c:3498 [inline] device_destroy+0xb4/0xf0 drivers/base/core.c:4068 android_device_destroy drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:1821 [inline] gadgets_drop+0xa0/0xd0 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:1902 client_drop_item fs/configfs/dir.c:959 [inline] configfs_rmdir+0x871/0x960 fs/configfs/dir.c:1576 vfs_rmdir+0x1ab/0x3c0 fs/namei.c:3860 do_rmdir+0x232/0x630 fs/namei.c:3920 __do_sys_rmdir fs/namei.c:3938 [inline] __se_sys_rmdir fs/namei.c:3936 [inline] __x64_sys_rmdir+0x49/0x50 fs/namei.c:3936 do_syscall_64+0x31/0x40 arch/x86/entry/common.c:46 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x61/0xcb The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff88810ae76800 which belongs to the cache kmalloc-1k of size 1024 The buggy address is located 60 bytes inside of 1024-byte region [ffff88810ae76800, ffff88810ae76c00) The buggy address belongs to the page: page:ffffea00042b9c00 refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x10ae70 head:ffffea00042b9c00 order:3 compound_mapcount:0 compound_pincount:0 flags: 0x4000000000010200(slab|head) raw: 4000000000010200 dead000000000100 dead000000000122 ffff888100042f00 raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000100010 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 3, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0xd2000(__GFP_NOWARN|__GFP_NORETRY|__GFP_COMP|__GFP_NOMEMALLOC), pid 1, ts 1945294129, free_ts 0 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:35 [inline] post_alloc_hook mm/page_alloc.c:2456 [inline] prep_new_page+0x176/0x190 mm/page_alloc.c:2462 get_page_from_freelist+0x225f/0x23f0 mm/page_alloc.c:4254 __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x29a/0x640 mm/page_alloc.c:5384 alloc_slab_page mm/slub.c:-1 [inline] allocate_slab mm/slub.c:1813 [inline] new_slab+0x84/0x3f0 mm/slub.c:1874 new_slab_objects mm/slub.c:2632 [inline] ___slab_alloc+0x2f8/0x4c0 mm/slub.c:2796 __slab_alloc+0x63/0xa0 mm/slub.c:2836 slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:2918 [inline] slab_alloc mm/slub.c:2960 [inline] __kmalloc+0x1f9/0x330 mm/slub.c:4034 __kmalloc_node include/linux/slab.h:421 [inline] kmalloc_node include/linux/slab.h:578 [inline] kzalloc_node include/linux/slab.h:678 [inline] blk_mq_alloc_hctx block/blk-mq.c:2816 [inline] blk_mq_alloc_and_init_hctx block/blk-mq.c:3247 [inline] blk_mq_realloc_hw_ctxs+0x40d/0x1620 block/blk-mq.c:3299 blk_mq_init_allocated_queue+0x466/0x1850 block/blk-mq.c:3361 blk_mq_init_queue_data block/blk-mq.c:3180 [inline] blk_mq_init_queue+0x6e/0xd0 block/blk-mq.c:3190 scsi_mq_alloc_queue+0x42/0x140 drivers/scsi/scsi_lib.c:1911 scsi_alloc_sdev+0x611/0x920 drivers/scsi/scsi_scan.c:284 scsi_probe_and_add_lun+0x17d/0x3370 drivers/scsi/scsi_scan.c:1098 __scsi_scan_target+0x1d2/0xbf0 drivers/scsi/scsi_scan.c:1581 scsi_scan_channel drivers/scsi/scsi_scan.c:1669 [inline] scsi_scan_host_selected+0x34e/0x600 drivers/scsi/scsi_scan.c:1698 do_scsi_scan_host drivers/scsi/scsi_scan.c:1837 [inline] scsi_scan_host+0x39e/0x670 drivers/scsi/scsi_scan.c:1867 page_owner free stack trace missing Memory state around the buggy address: ffff88810ae76700: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc ffff88810ae76780: fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc fc >ffff88810ae76800: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ^ ffff88810ae76880: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ffff88810ae76900: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb ================================================================== ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 328 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0x104/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:25 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 328 Comm: syz-executor997 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x104/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:25 Code: 04 01 48 c7 c7 a0 49 40 85 e8 98 ca 3a 02 0f 0b eb df e8 8f 89 26 ff c6 05 cc 75 82 04 01 48 c7 c7 e0 48 40 85 e8 7c ca 3a 02 <0f> 0b eb c3 e8 73 89 26 ff c6 05 b1 75 82 04 01 48 c7 c7 40 49 40 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000d27950 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 16a2af06fdfcf700 RBX: 0000000000000002 RCX: ffff88810b353b40 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000080000000 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: ffffc90000d27960 R08: ffffc90000d272e7 R09: fffff520001a4e90 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffff520001a4e5d R12: 0000000000000000 R13: ffff88810b2b5868 R14: 0000000000000002 R15: 0000000000000000 FS: 0000555591eb43c0(0000) GS:ffff8881f7100000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007ffa70204b60 CR3: 000000010b14a000 CR4: 00000000003506a0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:250 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:267 [inline] kref_get include/linux/kref.h:45 [inline] kobject_get+0xfb/0x120 lib/kobject.c:667 get_device drivers/base/core.c:3361 [inline] device_add+0x331/0xc00 drivers/base/core.c:3191 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:3960 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4002 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:636 configfs_mkdir+0x5d2/0xd90 fs/configfs/dir.c:1354 vfs_mkdir+0x42c/0x600 fs/namei.c:3798 do_mkdirat+0x14c/0x340 fs/namei.c:3820 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:3831 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:3829 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x7b/0x90 fs/namei.c:3829 do_syscall_64+0x31/0x40 arch/x86/entry/common.c:46 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x61/0xcb RIP: 0033:0x7ffa70197639 Code: c0 79 93 eb d5 48 8d 7c 1d 00 eb 99 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 d8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007ffd35a2b938 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0031672f74656764 RCX: 00007ffa70197639 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000ffffff9c RBP: 00000000000f4240 R08: 0000000000000009 R09: 0000000000000009 R10: 0000000000000009 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00000000000061f2 R13: 00007ffd35a2b94c R14: 00007ffd35a2b960 R15: 00007ffd35a2b950 ---[ end trace 95bed68447de2a0e ]--- ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 328 at lib/refcount.c:22 refcount_warn_saturate+0x158/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:22 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 328 Comm: syz-executor997 Tainted: G B W syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x158/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:22 Code: 04 01 48 c7 c7 60 48 40 85 e8 44 ca 3a 02 0f 0b eb 8b e8 3b 89 26 ff c6 05 77 75 82 04 01 48 c7 c7 60 48 40 85 e8 28 ca 3a 02 <0f> 0b e9 6c ff ff ff e8 1c 89 26 ff c6 05 5c 75 82 04 01 48 c7 c7 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000d27818 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 16a2af06fdfcf700 RBX: 0000000000000001 RCX: ffff88810b353b40 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000080000000 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: ffffc90000d27828 R08: ffff8881f7152fbf R09: 1ffff1103ee2a5f7 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed103ee2a5f8 R12: 00000000c0000000 R13: ffff88810b2b5818 R14: 0000000000000001 R15: ffff88810ae76838 FS: 0000555591eb43c0(0000) GS:ffff8881f7100000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007ffa70204b60 CR3: 000000010b14a000 CR4: 00000000003506a0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:250 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:267 [inline] kref_get include/linux/kref.h:45 [inline] kobject_get lib/kobject.c:667 [inline] kobject_add_internal+0xc44/0xde0 lib/kobject.c:248 kobject_add_varg lib/kobject.c:398 [inline] kobject_add+0x165/0x230 lib/kobject.c:450 device_add+0x3d8/0xc00 drivers/base/core.c:3206 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:3960 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4002 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:636 configfs_mkdir+0x5d2/0xd90 fs/configfs/dir.c:1354 vfs_mkdir+0x42c/0x600 fs/namei.c:3798 do_mkdirat+0x14c/0x340 fs/namei.c:3820 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:3831 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:3829 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x7b/0x90 fs/namei.c:3829 do_syscall_64+0x31/0x40 arch/x86/entry/common.c:46 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x61/0xcb RIP: 0033:0x7ffa70197639 Code: c0 79 93 eb d5 48 8d 7c 1d 00 eb 99 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 d8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007ffd35a2b938 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0031672f74656764 RCX: 00007ffa70197639 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000ffffff9c RBP: 00000000000f4240 R08: 0000000000000009 R09: 0000000000000009 R10: 0000000000000009 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00000000000061f2 R13: 00007ffd35a2b94c R14: 00007ffd35a2b960 R15: 00007ffd35a2b950 ---[ end trace 95bed68447de2a0f ]--- ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 328 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x120/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:28 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 328 Comm: syz-executor997 Tainted: G B W syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 07/24/2026 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x120/0x1a0 lib/refcount.c:28 Code: 04 01 48 c7 c7 e0 48 40 85 e8 7c ca 3a 02 0f 0b eb c3 e8 73 89 26 ff c6 05 b1 75 82 04 01 48 c7 c7 40 49 40 85 e8 60 ca 3a 02 <0f> 0b eb a7 e8 57 89 26 ff c6 05 92 75 82 04 01 48 c7 c7 60 48 40 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000d277e0 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 16a2af06fdfcf700 RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: ffff88810b353b40 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000080000000 RDI: 0000000000000000 RBP: ffffc90000d277f0 R08: ffffc90000d27167 R09: fffff520001a4e60 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffff520001a4e2d R12: 00000000c0000000 R13: ffff88810ae7683c R14: 0000000000000003 R15: ffff88810ae76838 FS: 0000555591eb43c0(0000) GS:ffff8881f7100000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 00007ffa70204b60 CR3: 000000010b14a000 CR4: 00000000003506a0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400 Call Trace: __refcount_sub_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:283 [inline] __refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:315 [inline] refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:333 [inline] kref_put include/linux/kref.h:64 [inline] kobject_put+0x231/0x270 lib/kobject.c:761 kobject_add_internal+0xb52/0xde0 lib/kobject.c:266 kobject_add_varg lib/kobject.c:398 [inline] kobject_add+0x165/0x230 lib/kobject.c:450 device_add+0x3d8/0xc00 drivers/base/core.c:3206 device_create_groups_vargs drivers/base/core.c:3960 [inline] device_create+0x26c/0x300 drivers/base/core.c:4002 create_function_device+0x60/0x70 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:31 create_alsa_device drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1262 [inline] f_midi_alloc_inst+0x1a8/0x380 drivers/usb/gadget/function/f_midi.c:1303 try_get_usb_function_instance drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:28 [inline] usb_get_function_instance+0xe2/0x2f0 drivers/usb/gadget/functions.c:44 function_make+0x118/0x350 drivers/usb/gadget/configfs.c:636 configfs_mkdir+0x5d2/0xd90 fs/configfs/dir.c:1354 vfs_mkdir+0x42c/0x600 fs/namei.c:3798 do_mkdirat+0x14c/0x340 fs/namei.c:3820 __do_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:3831 [inline] __se_sys_mkdirat fs/namei.c:3829 [inline] __x64_sys_mkdirat+0x7b/0x90 fs/namei.c:3829 do_syscall_64+0x31/0x40 arch/x86/entry/common.c:46 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x61/0xcb RIP: 0033:0x7ffa70197639 Code: c0 79 93 eb d5 48 8d 7c 1d 00 eb 99 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 d8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007ffd35a2b938 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000102 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0031672f74656764 RCX: 00007ffa70197639 RDX: 00000000000001ff RSI: 00002000000003c0 RDI: 00000000ffffff9c RBP: 00000000000f4240 R08: 0000000000000009 R09: 0000000000000009 R10: 0000000000000009 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00000000000061f2 R13: 00007ffd35a2b94c R14: 00007ffd35a2b960 R15: 00007ffd35a2b950 ---[ end trace 95bed68447de2a10 ]--- kobject_add_internal failed for f_midi (error: -2 parent: =0)