------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 6510 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x11a/0x1d0 lib/refcount.c:28 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 6510 Comm: syz.1.194 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/02/2025 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x11a/0x1d0 lib/refcount.c:28 Code: e0 c7 bf 8b e8 a7 ad f2 fc 90 0f 0b 90 90 eb d7 e8 8b 90 2f fd c6 05 ea 75 f7 0a 01 90 48 c7 c7 40 c8 bf 8b e8 87 ad f2 fc 90 <0f> 0b 90 90 eb b7 e8 6b 90 2f fd c6 05 c7 75 f7 0a 01 90 48 c7 c7 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000a08b88 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: eaaf014f6535ae00 RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: ffff888044121e40 RDX: 0000000000000100 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000002 RBP: ffffc90000a08c90 R08: 0000000000000003 R09: 0000000000000004 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffffbfff1bfa650 R12: 1ffff92000141178 R13: ffff888031edf1b8 R14: ffff888031edf020 R15: 0000000000000001 FS: 00007f250b2986c0(0000) GS:ffff888125e0c000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 000055fb33a4c240 CR3: 000000004553e000 CR4: 00000000003526f0 DR0: 0000200000000300 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000600 Call Trace: call_timer_fn+0x17e/0x5f0 kernel/time/timer.c:1747 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1798 [inline] __run_timers kernel/time/timer.c:2372 [inline] __run_timer_base+0x61a/0x860 kernel/time/timer.c:2384 run_timer_base kernel/time/timer.c:2393 [inline] run_timer_softirq+0xb7/0x180 kernel/time/timer.c:2403 handle_softirqs+0x286/0x870 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x1f0 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 RIP: 0010:raw_spin_rq_unlock_irq+0x13/0x90 kernel/sched/sched.h:1559 Code: cc e8 41 ae b9 09 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 41 57 41 56 53 66 90 e8 84 43 bc 09 e8 3f a0 35 00 fb 5b <41> 5e 41 5f e9 d4 91 bc 09 cc f3 0f 1e fa 49 be 00 00 00 00 00 fc RSP: 0018:ffffc9001a6d7648 EFLAGS: 00000286 RAX: eaaf014f6535ae00 RBX: ffff8880b873a040 RCX: eaaf014f6535ae00 RDX: 0000000000000007 RSI: ffffffff8d7e8396 RDI: ffffffff8bc076e0 RBP: ffffc9001a6d7870 R08: ffffffff8f9e1177 R09: 1ffffffff1f3c22e R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffffbfff1f3c22f R12: dffffc0000000000 R13: 0000000000000000 R14: ffff888044121e40 R15: 1ffff110170e7568 __schedule+0x19e0/0x4cc0 kernel/sched/core.c:6937 preempt_schedule_irq+0xb5/0x150 kernel/sched/core.c:7256 irqentry_exit+0x6f/0x90 kernel/entry/common.c:211 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 RIP: 0010:put_cpu_partial+0x234/0x2e0 mm/slub.c:3931 Code: 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f 5d c3 cc cc cc cc cc 90 0f 0b 90 e9 e7 fe ff ff e8 49 a4 30 09 41 f7 c5 00 02 00 00 74 b2 fb 4d 85 ff <75> b1 eb ba e8 33 a4 30 09 e9 4f fe ff ff 90 0f 0b 90 e9 66 ff ff RSP: 0018:ffffc9001a6d79f8 EFLAGS: 00000246 RAX: eaaf014f6535ae00 RBX: ffff88801aebeb40 RCX: eaaf014f6535ae00 RDX: 0000000000000007 RSI: ffffffff8d7e8396 RDI: ffffffff8bc076e0 RBP: 0000000000000001 R08: ffffffff8f9e1177 R09: 1ffffffff1f3c22e R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffffbfff1f3c22f R12: 0000000000000001 R13: 0000000000000282 R14: ffff8880b8740ce0 R15: 0000000000000000 __slab_free+0x2b9/0x390 mm/slub.c:5906 qlink_free mm/kasan/quarantine.c:163 [inline] qlist_free_all+0x97/0x140 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:179 kasan_quarantine_reduce+0x148/0x160 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:286 __kasan_slab_alloc+0x22/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:352 kasan_slab_alloc include/linux/kasan.h:252 [inline] slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4955 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:5265 [inline] __kmalloc_cache_noprof+0x36f/0x6f0 mm/slub.c:5743 kmalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:957 [inline] kzalloc_noprof include/linux/slab.h:1094 [inline] ref_tracker_alloc+0x133/0x460 lib/ref_tracker.c:271 __netns_tracker_alloc include/net/net_namespace.h:362 [inline] netns_tracker_alloc include/net/net_namespace.h:371 [inline] get_net_track include/net/net_namespace.h:388 [inline] sk_alloc+0x1b1/0x370 net/core/sock.c:2307 __netlink_create+0x65/0x260 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:628 netlink_create+0x3ca/0x590 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:686 __sock_create+0x4b3/0x9f0 net/socket.c:1605 sock_create net/socket.c:1663 [inline] __sys_socket_create net/socket.c:1700 [inline] __sys_socket+0xd7/0x1b0 net/socket.c:1747 __do_sys_socket net/socket.c:1761 [inline] __se_sys_socket net/socket.c:1759 [inline] __x64_sys_socket+0x7a/0x90 net/socket.c:1759 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f250a38efc9 Code: ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 a8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f250b298038 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000029 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f250a5e5fa0 RCX: 00007f250a38efc9 RDX: 0000000000000014 RSI: 0000000000000003 RDI: 0000000000000010 RBP: 00007f250a411f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f250a5e6038 R14: 00007f250a5e5fa0 R15: 00007fff6e788df8 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess): 0: cc int3 1: e8 41 ae b9 09 call 0x9b9ae47 6: 90 nop 7: 90 nop 8: 90 nop 9: 90 nop a: 90 nop b: 90 nop c: 90 nop d: 90 nop e: 90 nop f: 90 nop 10: 90 nop 11: 90 nop 12: 90 nop 13: 90 nop 14: 90 nop 15: 90 nop 16: 90 nop 17: 41 57 push %r15 19: 41 56 push %r14 1b: 53 push %rbx 1c: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax 1e: e8 84 43 bc 09 call 0x9bc43a7 23: e8 3f a0 35 00 call 0x35a067 28: fb sti 29: 5b pop %rbx * 2a: 41 5e pop %r14 <-- trapping instruction 2c: 41 5f pop %r15 2e: e9 d4 91 bc 09 jmp 0x9bc9207 33: cc int3 34: f3 0f 1e fa endbr64 38: 49 rex.WB 39: be 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%esi 3e: 00 fc add %bh,%ah