------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: addition on 0; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 455 at lib/refcount.c:25 refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 455 Comm: kworker/u4:5 Not tainted 6.1.141-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 sp : ffff800008017700 x29: ffff800008017700 x28: ffff0000f67e5000 x27: ffff0000d087b208 x26: ffff0000d197b8c0 x25: dfff800000000000 x24: 1fffe0001a10f641 x23: ffff0000db816400 x22: ffff0000de998154 x21: ffff0000d1cec080 x20: ffff0000de998154 x19: ffff800017a32000 x18: ffff800011a7bce0 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffff8000082d1c00 x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 00000000ffffffff x13: 0000000000000001 x12: 0000000000ff0100 x11: ff0080000819149c x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 4885c6b3e431be00 x8 : 4885c6b3e431be00 x7 : 0000000000000001 x6 : 0000000000000001 x5 : ffff800008017198 x4 : ffff800015154700 x3 : ffff80000852da40 x2 : 0000000000000001 x1 : 0000000000000101 x0 : 0000000000000000 Call trace: refcount_warn_saturate+0x134/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:25 __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:250 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:267 [inline] get_net include/net/net_namespace.h:257 [inline] tipc_aead_encrypt net/tipc/crypto.c:821 [inline] tipc_crypto_xmit+0x1518/0x2014 net/tipc/crypto.c:1761 tipc_crypto_clone_msg+0x98/0x150 net/tipc/crypto.c:1656 tipc_crypto_xmit+0x1684/0x2014 net/tipc/crypto.c:1717 tipc_bearer_xmit_skb+0x1f0/0x384 net/tipc/bearer.c:574 tipc_disc_timeout+0x4c8/0x608 net/tipc/discover.c:338 call_timer_fn+0x1b8/0x964 kernel/time/timer.c:1504 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1549 [inline] __run_timers+0x460/0x6bc kernel/time/timer.c:1820 run_timer_softirq+0x7c/0x114 kernel/time/timer.c:1833 handle_softirqs+0x318/0xc6c kernel/softirq.c:596 __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ____do_softirq+0x14/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:80 call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x4c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:893 do_softirq_own_stack+0x20/0x2c arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:85 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:477 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x23c/0x43c kernel/softirq.c:679 irq_exit_rcu+0x14/0x84 kernel/softirq.c:691 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:472 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x38/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 arch_local_irq_enable arch/arm64/include/asm/irqflags.h:35 [inline] raw_spin_rq_unlock_irq kernel/sched/sched.h:1367 [inline] finish_lock_switch+0xb8/0x1c4 kernel/sched/core.c:5003 finish_task_switch+0x120/0x620 kernel/sched/core.c:5121 context_switch kernel/sched/core.c:5247 [inline] __schedule+0xdd8/0x1b2c kernel/sched/core.c:6561 preempt_schedule_irq+0x8c/0x1b8 kernel/sched/core.c:6873 arm64_preempt_schedule_irq+0x44/0x58 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:265 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:474 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x3c/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 arch_local_irq_restore arch/arm64/include/asm/irqflags.h:122 [inline] put_cpu_partial+0x17c/0x1fc mm/slub.c:2659 __slab_free+0x1a8/0x274 mm/slub.c:3538 do_slab_free mm/slub.c:3615 [inline] ___cache_free+0x16c/0x19c mm/slub.c:3668 qlink_free+0x5c/0xa4 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:168 qlist_free_all+0x3c/0xcc mm/kasan/quarantine.c:187 kasan_quarantine_reduce+0x124/0x130 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:294 __kasan_slab_alloc+0x2c/0x88 mm/kasan/common.c:305 kasan_slab_alloc include/linux/kasan.h:201 [inline] slab_post_alloc_hook+0x74/0x43c mm/slab.h:737 slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3398 [inline] __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x278/0x320 mm/slub.c:3437 __do_kmalloc_node mm/slab_common.c:935 [inline] __kmalloc_node+0xdc/0x17c mm/slab_common.c:943 kmalloc_node include/linux/slab.h:589 [inline] kvmalloc_node+0x88/0x1dc mm/util.c:581 kvmalloc include/linux/slab.h:716 [inline] kvzalloc include/linux/slab.h:724 [inline] allocate_hook_entries_size net/netfilter/core.c:61 [inline] __nf_hook_entries_try_shrink+0x25c/0x554 net/netfilter/core.c:248 __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x3f8/0x5ec net/netfilter/core.c:508 nf_unregister_net_hook net/netfilter/core.c:-1 [inline] nf_unregister_net_hooks+0xe0/0x140 net/netfilter/core.c:601 ebt_unregister_table_pre_exit+0xf4/0x130 net/bridge/netfilter/ebtables.c:1365 frame_nat_net_pre_exit+0x28/0x38 net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_nat.c:81 ops_pre_exit_list net/core/net_namespace.c:162 [inline] cleanup_net+0x470/0xa74 net/core/net_namespace.c:620 process_one_work+0x7f4/0x13a8 kernel/workqueue.c:2292 worker_thread+0x8c8/0xfbc kernel/workqueue.c:2439 kthread+0x250/0x2d8 kernel/kthread.c:376 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:864 irq event stamp: 4152327 hardirqs last enabled at (4152326): [] __up_console_sem+0xb4/0x100 kernel/printk/printk.c:261 hardirqs last disabled at (4152327): [] el1_dbg+0x24/0x80 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:405 softirqs last enabled at (4151234): [] spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:396 [inline] softirqs last enabled at (4151234): [] tipc_node_pre_cleanup_net+0x1f0/0x32c net/tipc/node.c:3164 softirqs last disabled at (4152281): [] __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 455 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 455 Comm: kworker/u4:5 Tainted: G W 6.1.141-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 sp : ffff800008017700 x29: ffff800008017700 x28: ffff0000f67e5000 x27: 0000000000000000 x26: ffff0000d197b8c0 x25: dfff800000000000 x24: 1fffe0001a32f722 x23: 1fffe00019583379 x22: ffff0000d087b200 x21: 00000000c0000000 x20: ffff0000de998154 x19: ffff800017a32000 x18: ffff800011a7bce0 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffff8000082d1c00 x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 00000000ffffffff x13: 0000000000000001 x12: 0000000000ff0100 x11: ff0080000819149c x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 4885c6b3e431be00 x8 : 4885c6b3e431be00 x7 : 0000000000000001 x6 : 0000000000000001 x5 : ffff800008017198 x4 : ffff800015154700 x3 : ffff8000083115f4 x2 : 0000000000000001 x1 : 0000000000000101 x0 : 0000000000000000 Call trace: refcount_warn_saturate+0x154/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:28 __refcount_sub_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:283 [inline] __refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:315 [inline] refcount_dec_and_test include/linux/refcount.h:333 [inline] put_net include/net/net_namespace.h:276 [inline] tipc_aead_encrypt net/tipc/crypto.c:829 [inline] tipc_crypto_xmit+0x1664/0x2014 net/tipc/crypto.c:1761 tipc_crypto_clone_msg+0x98/0x150 net/tipc/crypto.c:1656 tipc_crypto_xmit+0x1684/0x2014 net/tipc/crypto.c:1717 tipc_bearer_xmit_skb+0x1f0/0x384 net/tipc/bearer.c:574 tipc_disc_timeout+0x4c8/0x608 net/tipc/discover.c:338 call_timer_fn+0x1b8/0x964 kernel/time/timer.c:1504 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1549 [inline] __run_timers+0x460/0x6bc kernel/time/timer.c:1820 run_timer_softirq+0x7c/0x114 kernel/time/timer.c:1833 handle_softirqs+0x318/0xc6c kernel/softirq.c:596 __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ____do_softirq+0x14/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:80 call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x4c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:893 do_softirq_own_stack+0x20/0x2c arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:85 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:477 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x23c/0x43c kernel/softirq.c:679 irq_exit_rcu+0x14/0x84 kernel/softirq.c:691 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:472 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x38/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 arch_local_irq_enable arch/arm64/include/asm/irqflags.h:35 [inline] raw_spin_rq_unlock_irq kernel/sched/sched.h:1367 [inline] finish_lock_switch+0xb8/0x1c4 kernel/sched/core.c:5003 finish_task_switch+0x120/0x620 kernel/sched/core.c:5121 context_switch kernel/sched/core.c:5247 [inline] __schedule+0xdd8/0x1b2c kernel/sched/core.c:6561 preempt_schedule_irq+0x8c/0x1b8 kernel/sched/core.c:6873 arm64_preempt_schedule_irq+0x44/0x58 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:265 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:474 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x3c/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 arch_local_irq_restore arch/arm64/include/asm/irqflags.h:122 [inline] put_cpu_partial+0x17c/0x1fc mm/slub.c:2659 __slab_free+0x1a8/0x274 mm/slub.c:3538 do_slab_free mm/slub.c:3615 [inline] ___cache_free+0x16c/0x19c mm/slub.c:3668 qlink_free+0x5c/0xa4 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:168 qlist_free_all+0x3c/0xcc mm/kasan/quarantine.c:187 kasan_quarantine_reduce+0x124/0x130 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:294 __kasan_slab_alloc+0x2c/0x88 mm/kasan/common.c:305 kasan_slab_alloc include/linux/kasan.h:201 [inline] slab_post_alloc_hook+0x74/0x43c mm/slab.h:737 slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3398 [inline] __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x278/0x320 mm/slub.c:3437 __do_kmalloc_node mm/slab_common.c:935 [inline] __kmalloc_node+0xdc/0x17c mm/slab_common.c:943 kmalloc_node include/linux/slab.h:589 [inline] kvmalloc_node+0x88/0x1dc mm/util.c:581 kvmalloc include/linux/slab.h:716 [inline] kvzalloc include/linux/slab.h:724 [inline] allocate_hook_entries_size net/netfilter/core.c:61 [inline] __nf_hook_entries_try_shrink+0x25c/0x554 net/netfilter/core.c:248 __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x3f8/0x5ec net/netfilter/core.c:508 nf_unregister_net_hook net/netfilter/core.c:-1 [inline] nf_unregister_net_hooks+0xe0/0x140 net/netfilter/core.c:601 ebt_unregister_table_pre_exit+0xf4/0x130 net/bridge/netfilter/ebtables.c:1365 frame_nat_net_pre_exit+0x28/0x38 net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_nat.c:81 ops_pre_exit_list net/core/net_namespace.c:162 [inline] cleanup_net+0x470/0xa74 net/core/net_namespace.c:620 process_one_work+0x7f4/0x13a8 kernel/workqueue.c:2292 worker_thread+0x8c8/0xfbc kernel/workqueue.c:2439 kthread+0x250/0x2d8 kernel/kthread.c:376 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:864 irq event stamp: 4152359 hardirqs last enabled at (4152358): [] __up_console_sem+0xb4/0x100 kernel/printk/printk.c:261 hardirqs last disabled at (4152359): [] el1_dbg+0x24/0x80 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:405 softirqs last enabled at (4151234): [] spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:396 [inline] softirqs last enabled at (4151234): [] tipc_node_pre_cleanup_net+0x1f0/0x32c net/tipc/node.c:3164 softirqs last disabled at (4152281): [] __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]--- ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: saturated; leaking memory. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 455 at lib/refcount.c:22 refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 PID: 455 Comm: kworker/u4:5 Tainted: G W 6.1.141-syzkaller #0 Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 05/07/2025 Workqueue: netns cleanup_net pstate: 60400005 (nZCv daif +PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--) pc : refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 lr : refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 sp : ffff8000080178c0 x29: ffff8000080178c0 x28: ffff0000f2fb5800 x27: ffff0000d087dc08 x26: ffff0000d9788370 x25: dfff800000000000 x24: 1fffe0001a10fb81 x23: ffff0000db816400 x22: ffff0000de998154 x21: 000000007ffffffe x20: ffff0000de998154 x19: ffff800017a32000 x18: ffff800011a7bce0 x17: 0000000000000000 x16: ffff8000082d1c00 x15: 0000000000000000 x14: 00000000ffffffff x13: 0000000000000001 x12: 0000000000ff0100 x11: ff0080000819149c x10: 0000000000000000 x9 : 4885c6b3e431be00 x8 : 4885c6b3e431be00 x7 : 0000000000000001 x6 : 0000000000000001 x5 : ffff800008017358 x4 : ffff800015154700 x3 : ffff80000a83c7ec x2 : ffff00019f738cd0 x1 : 0000000000000101 x0 : 0000000000000000 Call trace: refcount_warn_saturate+0x1b4/0x1f8 lib/refcount.c:22 __refcount_add include/linux/refcount.h:-1 [inline] __refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:250 [inline] refcount_inc include/linux/refcount.h:267 [inline] get_net include/net/net_namespace.h:257 [inline] tipc_aead_encrypt net/tipc/crypto.c:821 [inline] tipc_crypto_xmit+0x1518/0x2014 net/tipc/crypto.c:1761 tipc_bearer_xmit_skb+0x1f0/0x384 net/tipc/bearer.c:574 tipc_disc_timeout+0x4c8/0x608 net/tipc/discover.c:338 call_timer_fn+0x1b8/0x964 kernel/time/timer.c:1504 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1549 [inline] __run_timers+0x460/0x6bc kernel/time/timer.c:1820 run_timer_softirq+0x7c/0x114 kernel/time/timer.c:1833 handle_softirqs+0x318/0xc6c kernel/softirq.c:596 __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ____do_softirq+0x14/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:80 call_on_irq_stack+0x24/0x4c arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:893 do_softirq_own_stack+0x20/0x2c arch/arm64/kernel/irq.c:85 invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:477 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x23c/0x43c kernel/softirq.c:679 irq_exit_rcu+0x14/0x84 kernel/softirq.c:691 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:472 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x38/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 arch_local_irq_enable arch/arm64/include/asm/irqflags.h:35 [inline] raw_spin_rq_unlock_irq kernel/sched/sched.h:1367 [inline] finish_lock_switch+0xb8/0x1c4 kernel/sched/core.c:5003 finish_task_switch+0x120/0x620 kernel/sched/core.c:5121 context_switch kernel/sched/core.c:5247 [inline] __schedule+0xdd8/0x1b2c kernel/sched/core.c:6561 preempt_schedule_irq+0x8c/0x1b8 kernel/sched/core.c:6873 arm64_preempt_schedule_irq+0x44/0x58 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:265 __el1_irq arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:474 [inline] el1_interrupt+0x3c/0x54 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:486 el1h_64_irq_handler+0x18/0x24 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:491 el1h_64_irq+0x64/0x68 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:581 arch_local_irq_restore arch/arm64/include/asm/irqflags.h:122 [inline] put_cpu_partial+0x17c/0x1fc mm/slub.c:2659 __slab_free+0x1a8/0x274 mm/slub.c:3538 do_slab_free mm/slub.c:3615 [inline] ___cache_free+0x16c/0x19c mm/slub.c:3668 qlink_free+0x5c/0xa4 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:168 qlist_free_all+0x3c/0xcc mm/kasan/quarantine.c:187 kasan_quarantine_reduce+0x124/0x130 mm/kasan/quarantine.c:294 __kasan_slab_alloc+0x2c/0x88 mm/kasan/common.c:305 kasan_slab_alloc include/linux/kasan.h:201 [inline] slab_post_alloc_hook+0x74/0x43c mm/slab.h:737 slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:3398 [inline] __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x278/0x320 mm/slub.c:3437 __do_kmalloc_node mm/slab_common.c:935 [inline] __kmalloc_node+0xdc/0x17c mm/slab_common.c:943 kmalloc_node include/linux/slab.h:589 [inline] kvmalloc_node+0x88/0x1dc mm/util.c:581 kvmalloc include/linux/slab.h:716 [inline] kvzalloc include/linux/slab.h:724 [inline] allocate_hook_entries_size net/netfilter/core.c:61 [inline] __nf_hook_entries_try_shrink+0x25c/0x554 net/netfilter/core.c:248 __nf_unregister_net_hook+0x3f8/0x5ec net/netfilter/core.c:508 nf_unregister_net_hook net/netfilter/core.c:-1 [inline] nf_unregister_net_hooks+0xe0/0x140 net/netfilter/core.c:601 ebt_unregister_table_pre_exit+0xf4/0x130 net/bridge/netfilter/ebtables.c:1365 frame_nat_net_pre_exit+0x28/0x38 net/bridge/netfilter/ebtable_nat.c:81 ops_pre_exit_list net/core/net_namespace.c:162 [inline] cleanup_net+0x470/0xa74 net/core/net_namespace.c:620 process_one_work+0x7f4/0x13a8 kernel/workqueue.c:2292 worker_thread+0x8c8/0xfbc kernel/workqueue.c:2439 kthread+0x250/0x2d8 kernel/kthread.c:376 ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 arch/arm64/kernel/entry.S:864 irq event stamp: 4152489 hardirqs last enabled at (4152488): [] __up_console_sem+0xb4/0x100 kernel/printk/printk.c:261 hardirqs last disabled at (4152489): [] el1_dbg+0x24/0x80 arch/arm64/kernel/entry-common.c:405 softirqs last enabled at (4151234): [] spin_unlock_bh include/linux/spinlock.h:396 [inline] softirqs last enabled at (4151234): [] tipc_node_pre_cleanup_net+0x1f0/0x32c net/tipc/node.c:3164 softirqs last disabled at (4152281): [] __do_softirq+0x14/0x20 kernel/softirq.c:630 ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---