------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 7583 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0x11a/0x1d0 lib/refcount.c:28 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 7583 Comm: syz.4.526 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 08/18/2025 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0x11a/0x1d0 lib/refcount.c:28 Code: 00 b2 bf 8b e8 f7 19 f3 fc 90 0f 0b 90 90 eb d7 e8 9b fb 2f fd c6 05 68 a1 f8 0a 01 90 48 c7 c7 60 b2 bf 8b e8 d7 19 f3 fc 90 <0f> 0b 90 90 eb b7 e8 7b fb 2f fd c6 05 45 a1 f8 0a 01 90 48 c7 c7 RSP: 0018:ffffc90000a08b88 EFLAGS: 00010246 RAX: 9347d7e8680cbf00 RBX: 0000000000000003 RCX: ffff8880670b9e40 RDX: 0000000000000100 RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0000000000000002 RBP: ffffc90000a08c90 R08: 0000000000000003 R09: 0000000000000004 R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: fffffbfff1bfa244 R12: 1ffff92000141178 R13: ffff8880794bf9b8 R14: ffff8880794bf820 R15: 0000000000000001 FS: 00007f563e1596c0(0000) GS:ffff888125e27000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 000000007e56a000 CR4: 00000000003526f0 DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000 DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000600 Call Trace: call_timer_fn+0x17b/0x5f0 kernel/time/timer.c:1747 expire_timers kernel/time/timer.c:1798 [inline] __run_timers kernel/time/timer.c:2372 [inline] __run_timer_base+0x61a/0x860 kernel/time/timer.c:2384 run_timer_base kernel/time/timer.c:2393 [inline] run_timer_softirq+0xb7/0x180 kernel/time/timer.c:2403 handle_softirqs+0x283/0x870 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0xca/0x1f0 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa6/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:702 RIP: 0010:perf_trace_buf_alloc+0x0/0x2a0 kernel/trace/trace_event_perf.c:399 Code: 55 81 09 cc e8 41 65 f6 ff 43 80 7c 25 00 00 75 ce eb d4 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 0f 1e fa 55 41 57 41 56 41 55 41 54 53 50 49 89 d7 49 89 f6 89 RSP: 0018:ffffc9000c0af798 EFLAGS: 00000203 RAX: 1ffffd1ffff20012 RBX: ffffe8ffff900090 RCX: ffffe8ffff900090 RDX: ffffc9000c0af820 RSI: ffffc9000c0af800 RDI: 000000000000002c RBP: ffffc9000c0af898 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: ffffffff81ce2bd6 R10: ffffc9000c0af548 R11: fffff52001815eab R12: 1ffff92001815efc R13: 000000000000000d R14: 000000000000002c R15: dffffc0000000000 do_perf_trace_lock include/trace/events/lock.h:50 [inline] perf_trace_lock+0x18d/0x3b0 include/trace/events/lock.h:50 __do_trace_lock_release include/trace/events/lock.h:69 [inline] trace_lock_release include/trace/events/lock.h:69 [inline] lock_release+0x3b2/0x3e0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5879 rcu_lock_release include/linux/rcupdate.h:341 [inline] rcu_read_unlock include/linux/rcupdate.h:871 [inline] is_bpf_text_address+0x28d/0x2b0 kernel/bpf/core.c:746 kernel_text_address+0xa5/0xe0 kernel/extable.c:125 __kernel_text_address+0xd/0x40 kernel/extable.c:79 unwind_get_return_address+0x4d/0x90 arch/x86/kernel/unwind_orc.c:369 arch_stack_walk+0xfc/0x150 arch/x86/kernel/stacktrace.c:26 stack_trace_save+0x9c/0xe0 kernel/stacktrace.c:122 kasan_save_stack mm/kasan/common.c:56 [inline] kasan_save_track+0x3e/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:77 unpoison_slab_object mm/kasan/common.c:342 [inline] __kasan_slab_alloc+0x6c/0x80 mm/kasan/common.c:368 kasan_slab_alloc include/linux/kasan.h:252 [inline] slab_post_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4946 [inline] slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:5245 [inline] kmem_cache_alloc_lru_noprof+0x35d/0x6d0 mm/slub.c:5264 sock_alloc_inode+0x28/0xc0 net/socket.c:322 alloc_inode+0x6a/0x1b0 fs/inode.c:346 new_inode_pseudo include/linux/fs.h:3394 [inline] sock_alloc net/socket.c:637 [inline] __sock_create+0x12d/0x9f0 net/socket.c:1569 sock_create net/socket.c:1663 [inline] __sys_socket_create net/socket.c:1700 [inline] __sys_socket+0xd7/0x1b0 net/socket.c:1747 __do_sys_socket net/socket.c:1761 [inline] __se_sys_socket net/socket.c:1759 [inline] __x64_sys_socket+0x7a/0x90 net/socket.c:1759 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xfa/0xfa0 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f563d38eec9 Code: ff ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 40 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 a8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48 RSP: 002b:00007f563e159038 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000029 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f563d5e5fa0 RCX: 00007f563d38eec9 RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 0000000000000002 RDI: 000000000000001e RBP: 00007f563d411f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f563d5e6038 R14: 00007f563d5e5fa0 R15: 00007ffc63379758 ---------------- Code disassembly (best guess): 0: 55 push %rbp 1: 81 09 cc e8 41 65 orl $0x6541e8cc,(%rcx) 7: f6 ff idiv %bh 9: 43 80 7c 25 00 00 cmpb $0x0,0x0(%r13,%r12,1) f: 75 ce jne 0xffffffdf 11: eb d4 jmp 0xffffffe7 13: 0f 1f 80 00 00 00 00 nopl 0x0(%rax) 1a: 90 nop 1b: 90 nop 1c: 90 nop 1d: 90 nop 1e: 90 nop 1f: 90 nop 20: 90 nop 21: 90 nop 22: 90 nop 23: 90 nop 24: 90 nop 25: 90 nop 26: 90 nop 27: 90 nop 28: 90 nop 29: 90 nop * 2a: f3 0f 1e fa endbr64 <-- trapping instruction 2e: 55 push %rbp 2f: 41 57 push %r15 31: 41 56 push %r14 33: 41 55 push %r13 35: 41 54 push %r12 37: 53 push %rbx 38: 50 push %rax 39: 49 89 d7 mov %rdx,%r15 3c: 49 89 f6 mov %rsi,%r14 3f: 89 .byte 0x89