BUG: Bad page state in process syz.5.4178 pfn:5d69c page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x5d69c flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff8880212f8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 18540, tgid 18538 (syz.5.4178), ts 819644660503, free_ts 819641189813 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1af/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:1857 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1865 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0xd0b/0x31a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3915 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x25f/0x2430 mm/page_alloc.c:5210 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x77a/0x1410 mm/page_alloc.c:5164 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x1c7/0xca0 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_netmems+0xc4/0x190 net/core/page_pool.c:654 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x7c0/0x1010 net/core/skbuff.c:972 skb_cow_data_for_xdp+0x88/0xb0 net/core/skbuff.c:1006 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5487 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5528 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x530/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 page last free pid 18540 tgid 18538 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1406 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x7df/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 __pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3200 [inline] pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3224 [inline] pagetable_dtor_free include/linux/mm.h:3328 [inline] __tlb_remove_table include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 [inline] __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x2b2/0x390 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0x79c/0x15f0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x219/0x950 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18540 Comm: syz.5.4178 Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0xcf/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:650 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1094 [inline] free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1088 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1398 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x84d/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 page_frag_free+0x27f/0x2e0 mm/page_frag_cache.c:169 __xdp_return+0x3ba/0xb20 net/core/xdp.c:448 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline] ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x887/0xcb0 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x607/0x1590 net/core/dev.c:5418 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x8e6/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x7d3/0x11d0 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x12a/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f86d4f8e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f86d5e5c000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f86d51e5fa0 RCX: 00007f86d4f8e1ff RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 0000200000000680 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f86d5013f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f86d51e6038 R14: 00007f86d51e5fa0 R15: 00007fff08128348 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.5.4178 pfn:7e60c page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff88807e60c000 pfn:0x7e60c flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff8880212f8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff88807e60c000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 18540, tgid 18538 (syz.5.4178), ts 819644654241, free_ts 819641213579 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1af/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:1857 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1865 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0xd0b/0x31a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3915 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x25f/0x2430 mm/page_alloc.c:5210 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x77a/0x1410 mm/page_alloc.c:5164 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x1c7/0xca0 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_netmems+0xc4/0x190 net/core/page_pool.c:654 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x7c0/0x1010 net/core/skbuff.c:972 skb_cow_data_for_xdp+0x88/0xb0 net/core/skbuff.c:1006 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5487 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5528 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x530/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 page last free pid 18540 tgid 18538 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1406 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x7df/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 __pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3200 [inline] pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3224 [inline] pagetable_dtor_free include/linux/mm.h:3328 [inline] __tlb_remove_table include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 [inline] __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x2b2/0x390 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0x79c/0x15f0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x219/0x950 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18540 Comm: syz.5.4178 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0xcf/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:650 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1094 [inline] free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1088 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1398 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x84d/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 page_frag_free+0x27f/0x2e0 mm/page_frag_cache.c:169 __xdp_return+0x3ba/0xb20 net/core/xdp.c:448 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline] ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x887/0xcb0 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x607/0x1590 net/core/dev.c:5418 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x8e6/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x7d3/0x11d0 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x12a/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f86d4f8e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f86d5e5c000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f86d51e5fa0 RCX: 00007f86d4f8e1ff RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 0000200000000680 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f86d5013f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f86d51e6038 R14: 00007f86d51e5fa0 R15: 00007fff08128348 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.5.4178 pfn:622f7 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x622f7 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff8880212f8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 18540, tgid 18538 (syz.5.4178), ts 819644647956, free_ts 819641237479 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1af/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:1857 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1865 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0xd0b/0x31a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3915 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x25f/0x2430 mm/page_alloc.c:5210 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x77a/0x1410 mm/page_alloc.c:5164 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x1c7/0xca0 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_netmems+0xc4/0x190 net/core/page_pool.c:654 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x7c0/0x1010 net/core/skbuff.c:972 skb_cow_data_for_xdp+0x88/0xb0 net/core/skbuff.c:1006 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5487 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5528 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x530/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 page last free pid 18540 tgid 18538 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1406 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x7df/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 __pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3200 [inline] pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3224 [inline] pagetable_dtor_free include/linux/mm.h:3328 [inline] __tlb_remove_table include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 [inline] __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x2b2/0x390 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0x79c/0x15f0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x219/0x950 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18540 Comm: syz.5.4178 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0xcf/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:650 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1094 [inline] free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1088 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1398 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x84d/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 page_frag_free+0x27f/0x2e0 mm/page_frag_cache.c:169 __xdp_return+0x3ba/0xb20 net/core/xdp.c:448 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline] ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x887/0xcb0 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x607/0x1590 net/core/dev.c:5418 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x8e6/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x7d3/0x11d0 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x12a/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f86d4f8e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f86d5e5c000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f86d51e5fa0 RCX: 00007f86d4f8e1ff RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 0000200000000680 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f86d5013f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f86d51e6038 R14: 00007f86d51e5fa0 R15: 00007fff08128348 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.5.4178 pfn:3a1aa page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x2c948 pfn:0x3a1aa flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff8880212f8000 0000000000000000 raw: 000000000002c948 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 18540, tgid 18538 (syz.5.4178), ts 819644641722, free_ts 819641251636 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1af/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:1857 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1865 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0xd0b/0x31a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3915 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x25f/0x2430 mm/page_alloc.c:5210 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x77a/0x1410 mm/page_alloc.c:5164 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x1c7/0xca0 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_netmems+0xc4/0x190 net/core/page_pool.c:654 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x7c0/0x1010 net/core/skbuff.c:972 skb_cow_data_for_xdp+0x88/0xb0 net/core/skbuff.c:1006 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5487 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5528 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x530/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 page last free pid 18540 tgid 18538 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1406 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x7df/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 __pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3200 [inline] pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3224 [inline] pagetable_dtor_free include/linux/mm.h:3328 [inline] __tlb_remove_table include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 [inline] __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x2b2/0x390 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0x79c/0x15f0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x219/0x950 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18540 Comm: syz.5.4178 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0xcf/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:650 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1094 [inline] free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1088 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1398 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x84d/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 page_frag_free+0x27f/0x2e0 mm/page_frag_cache.c:169 __xdp_return+0x3ba/0xb20 net/core/xdp.c:448 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline] ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x887/0xcb0 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x607/0x1590 net/core/dev.c:5418 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x8e6/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x7d3/0x11d0 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x12a/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f86d4f8e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f86d5e5c000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f86d51e5fa0 RCX: 00007f86d4f8e1ff RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 0000200000000680 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f86d5013f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f86d51e6038 R14: 00007f86d51e5fa0 R15: 00007fff08128348 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.5.4178 pfn:66953 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x66953 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff8880212f8000 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 18540, tgid 18538 (syz.5.4178), ts 819644635283, free_ts 819641264707 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1af/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:1857 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1865 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0xd0b/0x31a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3915 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x25f/0x2430 mm/page_alloc.c:5210 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x77a/0x1410 mm/page_alloc.c:5164 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x1c7/0xca0 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_netmems+0xc4/0x190 net/core/page_pool.c:654 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x7c0/0x1010 net/core/skbuff.c:972 skb_cow_data_for_xdp+0x88/0xb0 net/core/skbuff.c:1006 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5487 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5528 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x530/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 page last free pid 18540 tgid 18538 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1406 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x7df/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 __pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3200 [inline] pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3224 [inline] pagetable_dtor_free include/linux/mm.h:3328 [inline] __tlb_remove_table include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 [inline] __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x2b2/0x390 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0x79c/0x15f0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x219/0x950 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18540 Comm: syz.5.4178 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0xcf/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:650 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1094 [inline] free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1088 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1398 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x84d/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 page_frag_free+0x27f/0x2e0 mm/page_frag_cache.c:169 __xdp_return+0x3ba/0xb20 net/core/xdp.c:448 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline] ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x887/0xcb0 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x607/0x1590 net/core/dev.c:5418 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x8e6/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x7d3/0x11d0 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x12a/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f86d4f8e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f86d5e5c000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f86d51e5fa0 RCX: 00007f86d4f8e1ff RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 0000200000000680 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f86d5013f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f86d51e6038 R14: 00007f86d51e5fa0 R15: 00007fff08128348 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.5.4178 pfn:66952 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x66952 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff8880212f8000 0000000000000000 raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 18540, tgid 18538 (syz.5.4178), ts 819644629167, free_ts 819641280383 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1af/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:1857 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1865 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0xd0b/0x31a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3915 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x25f/0x2430 mm/page_alloc.c:5210 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x77a/0x1410 mm/page_alloc.c:5164 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x1c7/0xca0 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_netmems+0xc4/0x190 net/core/page_pool.c:654 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x7c0/0x1010 net/core/skbuff.c:972 skb_cow_data_for_xdp+0x88/0xb0 net/core/skbuff.c:1006 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5487 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5528 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x530/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 page last free pid 18540 tgid 18538 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1406 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x7df/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 __pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3200 [inline] pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3224 [inline] pagetable_dtor_free include/linux/mm.h:3328 [inline] __tlb_remove_table include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 [inline] __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x2b2/0x390 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0x79c/0x15f0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x219/0x950 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18540 Comm: syz.5.4178 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0xcf/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:650 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1094 [inline] free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1088 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1398 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x84d/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 page_frag_free+0x27f/0x2e0 mm/page_frag_cache.c:169 __xdp_return+0x3ba/0xb20 net/core/xdp.c:448 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline] ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x887/0xcb0 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x607/0x1590 net/core/dev.c:5418 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x8e6/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x7d3/0x11d0 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x12a/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f86d4f8e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f86d5e5c000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f86d51e5fa0 RCX: 00007f86d4f8e1ff RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 0000200000000680 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f86d5013f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f86d51e6038 R14: 00007f86d51e5fa0 R15: 00007fff08128348 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.5.4178 pfn:66950 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888066956000 pfn:0x66950 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff8880212f8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888066956000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 18540, tgid 18538 (syz.5.4178), ts 819644623042, free_ts 819641305117 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1af/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:1857 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1865 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0xd0b/0x31a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3915 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x25f/0x2430 mm/page_alloc.c:5210 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x77a/0x1410 mm/page_alloc.c:5164 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x1c7/0xca0 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_netmems+0xc4/0x190 net/core/page_pool.c:654 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x7c0/0x1010 net/core/skbuff.c:972 skb_cow_data_for_xdp+0x88/0xb0 net/core/skbuff.c:1006 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5487 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5528 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x530/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 page last free pid 18540 tgid 18538 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1406 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x7df/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 __pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3200 [inline] pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3224 [inline] pagetable_dtor_free include/linux/mm.h:3328 [inline] __tlb_remove_table include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 [inline] __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x2b2/0x390 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0x79c/0x15f0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x219/0x950 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18540 Comm: syz.5.4178 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0xcf/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:650 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1094 [inline] free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1088 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1398 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x84d/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 page_frag_free+0x27f/0x2e0 mm/page_frag_cache.c:169 __xdp_return+0x3ba/0xb20 net/core/xdp.c:448 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline] ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x887/0xcb0 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x607/0x1590 net/core/dev.c:5418 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x8e6/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x7d3/0x11d0 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x12a/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f86d4f8e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f86d5e5c000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f86d51e5fa0 RCX: 00007f86d4f8e1ff RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 0000200000000680 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f86d5013f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f86d51e6038 R14: 00007f86d51e5fa0 R15: 00007fff08128348 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.5.4178 pfn:66951 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffffffffffffffff pfn:0x66951 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff8880212f8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffffffffffffffff 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 18540, tgid 18538 (syz.5.4178), ts 819644616707, free_ts 819641337939 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1af/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:1857 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1865 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0xd0b/0x31a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3915 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x25f/0x2430 mm/page_alloc.c:5210 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x77a/0x1410 mm/page_alloc.c:5164 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x1c7/0xca0 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_netmems+0xc4/0x190 net/core/page_pool.c:654 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x7c0/0x1010 net/core/skbuff.c:972 skb_cow_data_for_xdp+0x88/0xb0 net/core/skbuff.c:1006 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5487 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5528 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x530/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 page last free pid 18540 tgid 18538 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1406 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x7df/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 __pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3200 [inline] pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3224 [inline] pagetable_dtor_free include/linux/mm.h:3328 [inline] __tlb_remove_table include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 [inline] __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x2b2/0x390 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0x79c/0x15f0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x219/0x950 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18540 Comm: syz.5.4178 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0xcf/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:650 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1094 [inline] free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1088 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1398 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x84d/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 page_frag_free+0x27f/0x2e0 mm/page_frag_cache.c:169 __xdp_return+0x3ba/0xb20 net/core/xdp.c:448 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline] ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x887/0xcb0 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x607/0x1590 net/core/dev.c:5418 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x8e6/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x7d3/0x11d0 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x12a/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f86d4f8e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f86d5e5c000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f86d51e5fa0 RCX: 00007f86d4f8e1ff RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 0000200000000680 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f86d5013f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f86d51e6038 R14: 00007f86d51e5fa0 R15: 00007fff08128348 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.5.4178 pfn:590c4 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff8880590c4640 pfn:0x590c4 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff8880212f8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff8880590c4640 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 18540, tgid 18538 (syz.5.4178), ts 819644610016, free_ts 819641369786 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1af/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:1857 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1865 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0xd0b/0x31a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3915 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x25f/0x2430 mm/page_alloc.c:5210 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x77a/0x1410 mm/page_alloc.c:5164 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x1c7/0xca0 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_netmems+0xc4/0x190 net/core/page_pool.c:654 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x7c0/0x1010 net/core/skbuff.c:972 skb_cow_data_for_xdp+0x88/0xb0 net/core/skbuff.c:1006 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5487 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5528 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x530/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 page last free pid 18540 tgid 18538 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1406 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x7df/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 __pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3200 [inline] pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3224 [inline] pagetable_dtor_free include/linux/mm.h:3328 [inline] __tlb_remove_table include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 [inline] __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x2b2/0x390 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0x79c/0x15f0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x219/0x950 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18540 Comm: syz.5.4178 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0xcf/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:650 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1094 [inline] free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1088 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1398 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x84d/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 page_frag_free+0x27f/0x2e0 mm/page_frag_cache.c:169 __xdp_return+0x3ba/0xb20 net/core/xdp.c:448 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline] ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x887/0xcb0 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x607/0x1590 net/core/dev.c:5418 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x8e6/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x7d3/0x11d0 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x12a/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f86d4f8e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f86d5e5c000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f86d51e5fa0 RCX: 00007f86d4f8e1ff RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 0000200000000680 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f86d5013f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f86d51e6038 R14: 00007f86d51e5fa0 R15: 00007fff08128348 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.5.4178 pfn:61f78 page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x61f78 flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff8880212f8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 18540, tgid 18538 (syz.5.4178), ts 819644603168, free_ts 819641393223 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1af/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:1857 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1865 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0xd0b/0x31a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3915 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x25f/0x2430 mm/page_alloc.c:5210 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x77a/0x1410 mm/page_alloc.c:5164 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x1c7/0xca0 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_netmems+0xc4/0x190 net/core/page_pool.c:654 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x7c0/0x1010 net/core/skbuff.c:972 skb_cow_data_for_xdp+0x88/0xb0 net/core/skbuff.c:1006 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5487 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5528 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x530/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 page last free pid 18540 tgid 18538 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1406 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x7df/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 __pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3200 [inline] pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3224 [inline] pagetable_dtor_free include/linux/mm.h:3328 [inline] __tlb_remove_table include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 [inline] __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x2b2/0x390 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0x79c/0x15f0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x219/0x950 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18540 Comm: syz.5.4178 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0xcf/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:650 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1094 [inline] free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1088 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1398 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x84d/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 page_frag_free+0x27f/0x2e0 mm/page_frag_cache.c:169 __xdp_return+0x3ba/0xb20 net/core/xdp.c:448 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline] ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x887/0xcb0 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x607/0x1590 net/core/dev.c:5418 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x8e6/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x7d3/0x11d0 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x12a/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f86d4f8e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f86d5e5c000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f86d51e5fa0 RCX: 00007f86d4f8e1ff RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 0000200000000680 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f86d5013f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f86d51e6038 R14: 00007f86d51e5fa0 R15: 00007fff08128348 BUG: Bad page state in process syz.5.4178 pfn:5b8fa page: refcount:0 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0xffff888000000000 pfn:0x5b8fa flags: 0xfff00000000000(node=0|zone=1|lastcpupid=0x7ff) raw: 00fff00000000000 dead000000000040 ffff8880212f8000 0000000000000000 raw: ffff888000000000 0000000000000001 00000000ffffffff 0000000000000000 page dumped because: page_pool leak page_owner tracks the page as allocated page last allocated via order 0, migratetype Unmovable, gfp_mask 0x2820(GFP_ATOMIC|__GFP_NOWARN), pid 18540, tgid 18538 (syz.5.4178), ts 819644591731, free_ts 819641406374 set_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:32 [inline] post_alloc_hook+0x1af/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:1857 prep_new_page mm/page_alloc.c:1865 [inline] get_page_from_freelist+0xd0b/0x31a0 mm/page_alloc.c:3915 __alloc_frozen_pages_noprof+0x25f/0x2430 mm/page_alloc.c:5210 __alloc_pages_noprof mm/page_alloc.c:5244 [inline] alloc_pages_bulk_noprof+0x77a/0x1410 mm/page_alloc.c:5164 alloc_pages_bulk_node_noprof include/linux/gfp.h:255 [inline] __page_pool_alloc_netmems_slow+0x1c7/0xca0 net/core/page_pool.c:616 page_pool_alloc_netmems net/core/page_pool.c:667 [inline] page_pool_alloc_netmems+0xc4/0x190 net/core/page_pool.c:654 page_pool_alloc_netmem include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:128 [inline] page_pool_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:167 [inline] page_pool_dev_alloc include/net/page_pool/helpers.h:188 [inline] skb_pp_cow_data+0x7c0/0x1010 net/core/skbuff.c:972 skb_cow_data_for_xdp+0x88/0xb0 net/core/skbuff.c:1006 netif_skb_check_for_xdp net/core/dev.c:5487 [inline] netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5528 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x530/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 page last free pid 18540 tgid 18538 stack trace: reset_page_owner include/linux/page_owner.h:25 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1406 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x7df/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 __pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3200 [inline] pagetable_free include/linux/mm.h:3224 [inline] pagetable_dtor_free include/linux/mm.h:3328 [inline] __tlb_remove_table include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 [inline] __tlb_remove_table_free mm/mmu_gather.c:227 [inline] tlb_remove_table_rcu+0x2b2/0x390 mm/mmu_gather.c:290 rcu_do_batch kernel/rcu/tree.c:2605 [inline] rcu_core+0x79c/0x15f0 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2857 handle_softirqs+0x219/0x950 kernel/softirq.c:622 __do_softirq kernel/softirq.c:656 [inline] invoke_softirq kernel/softirq.c:496 [inline] __irq_exit_rcu+0x109/0x170 kernel/softirq.c:723 irq_exit_rcu+0x9/0x30 kernel/softirq.c:739 instr_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 [inline] sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0xa4/0xc0 arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1056 asm_sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt+0x1a/0x20 arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h:697 Modules linked in: CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 18540 Comm: syz.5.4178 Tainted: G B syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) Tainted: [B]=BAD_PAGE Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 10/25/2025 Call Trace: __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline] dump_stack_lvl+0x16c/0x1f0 lib/dump_stack.c:120 bad_page+0xcf/0x220 mm/page_alloc.c:650 free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1094 [inline] free_page_is_bad mm/page_alloc.c:1088 [inline] free_pages_prepare mm/page_alloc.c:1398 [inline] __free_frozen_pages+0x84d/0x1170 mm/page_alloc.c:2943 page_frag_free+0x27f/0x2e0 mm/page_frag_cache.c:169 __xdp_return+0x3ba/0xb20 net/core/xdp.c:448 bpf_xdp_shrink_data net/core/filter.c:4202 [inline] bpf_xdp_frags_shrink_tail net/core/filter.c:4226 [inline] ____bpf_xdp_adjust_tail net/core/filter.c:4248 [inline] bpf_xdp_adjust_tail+0x887/0xcb0 net/core/filter.c:4241 bpf_prog_5d7dc57dfd7f985a+0x1e/0x24 __bpf_prog_run include/linux/filter.h:723 [inline] bpf_prog_run_xdp include/net/xdp.h:696 [inline] bpf_prog_run_generic_xdp+0x607/0x1590 net/core/dev.c:5418 netif_receive_generic_xdp net/core/dev.c:5534 [inline] do_xdp_generic+0x8e6/0x1310 net/core/dev.c:5596 __netif_receive_skb_core.constprop.0+0xcec/0x35b0 net/core/dev.c:5949 __netif_receive_skb_one_core+0xb0/0x1e0 net/core/dev.c:6137 __netif_receive_skb+0x1d/0x160 net/core/dev.c:6252 netif_receive_skb_internal net/core/dev.c:6338 [inline] netif_receive_skb+0x137/0x760 net/core/dev.c:6397 tun_rx_batched.isra.0+0x3ee/0x740 drivers/net/tun.c:1509 tun_get_user+0x28b2/0x3cc0 drivers/net/tun.c:1953 tun_chr_write_iter+0xdc/0x210 drivers/net/tun.c:1999 new_sync_write fs/read_write.c:593 [inline] vfs_write+0x7d3/0x11d0 fs/read_write.c:686 ksys_write+0x12a/0x250 fs/read_write.c:738 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xcd/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f RIP: 0033:0x7f86d4f8e1ff Code: 89 54 24 18 48 89 74 24 10 89 7c 24 08 e8 f9 92 02 00 48 8b 54 24 18 48 8b 74 24 10 41 89 c0 8b 7c 24 08 b8 01 00 00 00 0f 05 <48> 3d 00 f0 ff ff 77 31 44 89 c7 48 89 44 24 08 e8 4c 93 02 00 48 RSP: 002b:00007f86d5e5c000 EFLAGS: 00000293 ORIG_RAX: 0000000000000001 RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f86d51e5fa0 RCX: 00007f86d4f8e1ff RDX: 0000000000011dc0 RSI: 0000200000000680 RDI: 00000000000000c8 RBP: 00007f86d5013f91 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000 R10: 0000000000011dc0 R11: 0000000000000293 R12: 0000000000000000 R13: 00007f86d51e6038 R14: 00007f86d51e5fa0 R15: 00007fff08128348