syzbot


possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling (2)

Status: upstream: reported on 2026/03/17 17:33
Subsystems: kernfs
[Documentation on labels]
Reported-by: syzbot+dd764a450d93885d847f@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 64d, last: now
✨ AI Jobs (1)
ID Workflow Result Correct Bug Created Started Finished Revision Error
5b51ca2f-92d2-4b7b-a22f-91e026c560bd assessment-security 💥 possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling (2) 2026/05/15 05:52 2026/05/15 05:52 2026/05/15 05:53 6ccb967e465e832a7bfd7a116ad00d52a0923a5d failed to run ["git" "pull" "origin" "HEAD" "--depth=1" "--allow-unrelated-histories"]: exit status 128 From /app/workdir/repo/linux * branch HEAD -> FETCH_HEAD Updating files: 20% (19239/93697) Updating files: 21% (19677/93697) Updating files: 22% (20614/93697) Updating files: 23% (21551/93697) Updating files: 24% (22488/93697) error: unable to write file arch/mips/pic32/pic32mzda/early_clk.c error: unable to write file arch/mips/pic32/pic32mzda/early_console.c error: unable to write file arch/mips/pic32/pic32mzda/early_pin.c error: unable to write file arch/mips/pic32/pic32mzda/early_pin.h error: unable to write file arch/mips/pic32/pic32mzda/init.c error: unable to write file arch/mips/pic32/pic32mzda/pic32mzda.h error: unable to write file arch/mips/pic32/pic32mzda/time.c fatal: cannot create directory at 'arch/mips/power': No space left on device
Discussions (3)
Title Replies (including bot) Last reply
[syzbot] Monthly kernfs report (Apr 2026) 0 (1) 2026/04/29 20:32
Re: [syzbot] possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling (2) 1 (1) 2026/03/18 15:23
[syzbot] [kernfs?] possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling (2) 0 (1) 2026/03/17 17:33
Similar bugs (1)
Kernel Title Rank 🛈 Repro Cause bisect Fix bisect Count Last Reported Patched Status
upstream possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling kernfs 4 30 222d 254d 0/29 closed as invalid on 2025/10/25 16:44

Sample crash report:
======================================================
WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
syzkaller #0 Tainted: G             L     
------------------------------------------------------
syz.1.1248/10493 is trying to acquire lock:
ffff88801c6a7a10 (&root->kernfs_iattr_rwsem){++++}-{4:4}, at: kernfs_link_sibling+0x555/0x850 fs/kernfs/dir.c:411

but task is already holding lock:
ffff88801c6a7980 (&root->kernfs_rwsem){++++}-{4:4}, at: kernfs_add_one+0x38/0x850 fs/kernfs/dir.c:826

which lock already depends on the new lock.


the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:

-> #10 (&root->kernfs_rwsem){++++}-{4:4}:
       down_write+0x8b/0x1f0 kernel/locking/rwsem.c:1625
       kernfs_add_one+0x38/0x850 fs/kernfs/dir.c:826
       kernfs_create_dir_ns+0xfc/0x1a0 fs/kernfs/dir.c:1131
       internal_create_group+0x36f/0xf40 fs/sysfs/group.c:176
       cpuhp_invoke_callback+0x3ab/0x9a0 kernel/cpu.c:194
       cpuhp_issue_call+0x1b8/0x970 kernel/cpu.c:2354
       __cpuhp_setup_state_cpuslocked+0x431/0x880 kernel/cpu.c:2507
       __cpuhp_setup_state+0xf4/0x300 kernel/cpu.c:2536
       do_one_initcall+0x121/0x750 init/main.c:1392
       do_initcall_level init/main.c:1454 [inline]
       do_initcalls init/main.c:1470 [inline]
       do_basic_setup init/main.c:1490 [inline]
       kernel_init_freeable+0x6ea/0x7b0 init/main.c:1703
       kernel_init+0x1f/0x1e0 init/main.c:1593
       ret_from_fork+0x72b/0xd50 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
       ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:245

-> #9 (cpuhp_state_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}:

-> #8 (cpu_hotplug_lock){++++}-{0:0}:
       percpu_down_read_internal include/linux/percpu-rwsem.h:53 [inline]
       percpu_down_read include/linux/percpu-rwsem.h:77 [inline]
       cpus_read_lock+0x42/0x170 kernel/cpu.c:490
       static_key_slow_inc+0x12/0x30 kernel/jump_label.c:190
       udp_tunnel_encap_enable include/net/udp_tunnel.h:232 [inline]
       setup_udp_tunnel_sock+0x4f9/0x620 net/ipv4/udp_tunnel_core.c:92
       l2tp_tunnel_register+0x9e5/0xbe0 net/l2tp/l2tp_core.c:1686
       pppol2tp_tunnel_get.constprop.0+0x3f0/0x540 net/l2tp/l2tp_ppp.c:662
       pppol2tp_connect+0xaf0/0x1c20 net/l2tp/l2tp_ppp.c:710
       __sys_connect_file+0x141/0x1a0 net/socket.c:2148
       __sys_connect+0x141/0x170 net/socket.c:2167
       __do_sys_connect net/socket.c:2173 [inline]
       __se_sys_connect net/socket.c:2170 [inline]
       __x64_sys_connect+0x72/0xb0 net/socket.c:2170
       do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
       do_syscall_64+0x10b/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

-> #7 (sk_lock-AF_INET6){+.+.}-{0:0}:
       lock_sock_nested+0x41/0xf0 net/core/sock.c:3783
       lock_sock include/net/sock.h:1713 [inline]
       inet_shutdown+0x67/0x410 net/ipv4/af_inet.c:915
       nbd_mark_nsock_dead+0xae/0x5c0 drivers/block/nbd.c:318
       sock_shutdown+0x16b/0x200 drivers/block/nbd.c:411
       nbd_clear_sock drivers/block/nbd.c:1427 [inline]
       nbd_config_put+0x1eb/0x750 drivers/block/nbd.c:1451
       nbd_genl_connect+0xaf8/0x1a40 drivers/block/nbd.c:2248
       genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0x214/0x300 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1114
       genl_family_rcv_msg net/netlink/genetlink.c:1194 [inline]
       genl_rcv_msg+0x560/0x800 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1209
       netlink_rcv_skb+0x159/0x420 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550
       genl_rcv+0x28/0x40 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1218
       netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1318 [inline]
       netlink_unicast+0x585/0x850 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1344
       netlink_sendmsg+0x8b0/0xda0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1894
       sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:787 [inline]
       __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:802 [inline]
       ____sys_sendmsg+0x9e1/0xb70 net/socket.c:2698
       ___sys_sendmsg+0x190/0x1e0 net/socket.c:2752
       __sys_sendmsg+0x170/0x220 net/socket.c:2784
       do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
       do_syscall_64+0x10b/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

-> #6 (&nsock->tx_lock){+.+.}-{4:4}:
       __mutex_lock_common kernel/locking/mutex.c:646 [inline]
       __mutex_lock+0x1a4/0x1b10 kernel/locking/mutex.c:820
       nbd_handle_cmd drivers/block/nbd.c:1143 [inline]
       nbd_queue_rq+0x428/0x1080 drivers/block/nbd.c:1207
       blk_mq_dispatch_rq_list+0x422/0x1e70 block/blk-mq.c:2148
       __blk_mq_do_dispatch_sched block/blk-mq-sched.c:168 [inline]
       blk_mq_do_dispatch_sched block/blk-mq-sched.c:182 [inline]
       __blk_mq_sched_dispatch_requests+0xcea/0x1620 block/blk-mq-sched.c:307
       blk_mq_sched_dispatch_requests+0xd7/0x1c0 block/blk-mq-sched.c:329
       blk_mq_run_hw_queue+0x23c/0x670 block/blk-mq.c:2386
       blk_mq_dispatch_list+0x51d/0x1360 block/blk-mq.c:2949
       blk_mq_flush_plug_list block/blk-mq.c:2997 [inline]
       blk_mq_flush_plug_list+0x130/0x600 block/blk-mq.c:2969
       __blk_flush_plug+0x2c4/0x4b0 block/blk-core.c:1230
       blk_finish_plug block/blk-core.c:1257 [inline]
       __submit_bio+0x584/0x6c0 block/blk-core.c:649
       __submit_bio_noacct_mq block/blk-core.c:722 [inline]
       submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x543/0xbf0 block/blk-core.c:753
       submit_bio_noacct+0xd18/0x2000 block/blk-core.c:884
       blk_crypto_submit_bio include/linux/blk-crypto.h:203 [inline]
       submit_bh_wbc+0x681/0x890 fs/buffer.c:2737
       submit_bh fs/buffer.c:2742 [inline]
       block_read_full_folio+0x264/0x8e0 fs/buffer.c:2344
       filemap_read_folio+0xfc/0x3b0 mm/filemap.c:2502
       do_read_cache_folio+0x2d7/0x6b0 mm/filemap.c:4107
       read_mapping_folio include/linux/pagemap.h:1017 [inline]
       read_part_sector+0xd1/0x370 block/partitions/core.c:724
       adfspart_check_ICS+0x91/0x7d0 block/partitions/acorn.c:356
       check_partition block/partitions/core.c:143 [inline]
       blk_add_partitions block/partitions/core.c:591 [inline]
       bdev_disk_changed+0x7a3/0x1250 block/partitions/core.c:695
       blkdev_get_whole+0x187/0x290 block/bdev.c:756
       bdev_open+0x2c7/0xe40 block/bdev.c:965
       blkdev_open+0x34e/0x4f0 block/fops.c:697
       do_dentry_open+0x6d8/0x1660 fs/open.c:947
       vfs_open+0x82/0x3f0 fs/open.c:1079
       do_open fs/namei.c:4699 [inline]
       path_openat+0x208c/0x31a0 fs/namei.c:4858
       do_file_open+0x20e/0x430 fs/namei.c:4887
       do_sys_openat2+0x10d/0x1e0 fs/open.c:1364
       do_sys_open fs/open.c:1370 [inline]
       __do_sys_openat fs/open.c:1386 [inline]
       __se_sys_openat fs/open.c:1381 [inline]
       __x64_sys_openat+0x12d/0x210 fs/open.c:1381
       do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
       do_syscall_64+0x10b/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

-> #5 (&cmd->lock){+.+.}-{4:4}:
       __mutex_lock_common kernel/locking/mutex.c:646 [inline]
       __mutex_lock+0x1a4/0x1b10 kernel/locking/mutex.c:820
       nbd_queue_rq+0xba/0x1080 drivers/block/nbd.c:1199
       blk_mq_dispatch_rq_list+0x422/0x1e70 block/blk-mq.c:2148
       __blk_mq_do_dispatch_sched block/blk-mq-sched.c:168 [inline]
       blk_mq_do_dispatch_sched block/blk-mq-sched.c:182 [inline]
       __blk_mq_sched_dispatch_requests+0xcea/0x1620 block/blk-mq-sched.c:307
       blk_mq_sched_dispatch_requests+0xd7/0x1c0 block/blk-mq-sched.c:329
       blk_mq_run_hw_queue+0x23c/0x670 block/blk-mq.c:2386
       blk_mq_dispatch_list+0x51d/0x1360 block/blk-mq.c:2949
       blk_mq_flush_plug_list block/blk-mq.c:2997 [inline]
       blk_mq_flush_plug_list+0x130/0x600 block/blk-mq.c:2969
       __blk_flush_plug+0x2c4/0x4b0 block/blk-core.c:1230
       blk_finish_plug block/blk-core.c:1257 [inline]
       __submit_bio+0x584/0x6c0 block/blk-core.c:649
       __submit_bio_noacct_mq block/blk-core.c:722 [inline]
       submit_bio_noacct_nocheck+0x543/0xbf0 block/blk-core.c:753
       submit_bio_noacct+0xd18/0x2000 block/blk-core.c:884
       blk_crypto_submit_bio include/linux/blk-crypto.h:203 [inline]
       submit_bh_wbc+0x681/0x890 fs/buffer.c:2737
       submit_bh fs/buffer.c:2742 [inline]
       block_read_full_folio+0x264/0x8e0 fs/buffer.c:2344
       filemap_read_folio+0xfc/0x3b0 mm/filemap.c:2502
       do_read_cache_folio+0x2d7/0x6b0 mm/filemap.c:4107
       read_mapping_folio include/linux/pagemap.h:1017 [inline]
       read_part_sector+0xd1/0x370 block/partitions/core.c:724
       adfspart_check_ICS+0x91/0x7d0 block/partitions/acorn.c:356
       check_partition block/partitions/core.c:143 [inline]
       blk_add_partitions block/partitions/core.c:591 [inline]
       bdev_disk_changed+0x7a3/0x1250 block/partitions/core.c:695
       blkdev_get_whole+0x187/0x290 block/bdev.c:756
       bdev_open+0x2c7/0xe40 block/bdev.c:965
       blkdev_open+0x34e/0x4f0 block/fops.c:697
       do_dentry_open+0x6d8/0x1660 fs/open.c:947
       vfs_open+0x82/0x3f0 fs/open.c:1079
       do_open fs/namei.c:4699 [inline]
       path_openat+0x208c/0x31a0 fs/namei.c:4858
       do_file_open+0x20e/0x430 fs/namei.c:4887
       do_sys_openat2+0x10d/0x1e0 fs/open.c:1364
       do_sys_open fs/open.c:1370 [inline]
       __do_sys_openat fs/open.c:1386 [inline]
       __se_sys_openat fs/open.c:1381 [inline]
       __x64_sys_openat+0x12d/0x210 fs/open.c:1381
       do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
       do_syscall_64+0x10b/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

-> #4 (set->srcu){.+.+}-{0:0}:
       srcu_lock_sync include/linux/srcu.h:199 [inline]
       __synchronize_srcu+0xa2/0x300 kernel/rcu/srcutree.c:1481
       blk_mq_wait_quiesce_done block/blk-mq.c:284 [inline]
       blk_mq_wait_quiesce_done block/blk-mq.c:281 [inline]
       blk_mq_quiesce_queue block/blk-mq.c:304 [inline]
       blk_mq_quiesce_queue+0x149/0x1c0 block/blk-mq.c:299
       elevator_switch+0x17b/0x7e0 block/elevator.c:576
       elevator_change+0x352/0x530 block/elevator.c:681
       elevator_set_default+0x29e/0x360 block/elevator.c:754
       blk_register_queue+0x48e/0x630 block/blk-sysfs.c:987
       __add_disk+0x73f/0xe40 block/genhd.c:528
       add_disk_fwnode+0x118/0x5c0 block/genhd.c:597
       add_disk include/linux/blkdev.h:794 [inline]
       nbd_dev_add+0x77a/0xb10 drivers/block/nbd.c:1984
       nbd_init+0x291/0x2b0 drivers/block/nbd.c:2692
       do_one_initcall+0x121/0x750 init/main.c:1392
       do_initcall_level init/main.c:1454 [inline]
       do_initcalls init/main.c:1470 [inline]
       do_basic_setup init/main.c:1490 [inline]
       kernel_init_freeable+0x6ea/0x7b0 init/main.c:1703
       kernel_init+0x1f/0x1e0 init/main.c:1593
       ret_from_fork+0x72b/0xd50 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
       ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:245

-> #3 (&q->elevator_lock){+.+.}-{4:4}:
       __mutex_lock_common kernel/locking/mutex.c:646 [inline]
       __mutex_lock+0x1a4/0x1b10 kernel/locking/mutex.c:820
       elevator_change+0x1bc/0x530 block/elevator.c:679
       elevator_set_none+0x92/0xf0 block/elevator.c:769
       blk_mq_elv_switch_none block/blk-mq.c:5131 [inline]
       __blk_mq_update_nr_hw_queues block/blk-mq.c:5176 [inline]
       blk_mq_update_nr_hw_queues+0x4c1/0x15f0 block/blk-mq.c:5241
       nbd_start_device+0x1a6/0xbd0 drivers/block/nbd.c:1489
       nbd_genl_connect+0xff2/0x1a40 drivers/block/nbd.c:2239
       genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0x214/0x300 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1114
       genl_family_rcv_msg net/netlink/genetlink.c:1194 [inline]
       genl_rcv_msg+0x560/0x800 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1209
       netlink_rcv_skb+0x159/0x420 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550
       genl_rcv+0x28/0x40 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1218
       netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1318 [inline]
       netlink_unicast+0x585/0x850 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1344
       netlink_sendmsg+0x8b0/0xda0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1894
       sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:787 [inline]
       __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:802 [inline]
       ____sys_sendmsg+0x9e1/0xb70 net/socket.c:2698
       ___sys_sendmsg+0x190/0x1e0 net/socket.c:2752
       __sys_sendmsg+0x170/0x220 net/socket.c:2784
       do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
       do_syscall_64+0x10b/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

-> #2 (&q->q_usage_counter(io)#50){++++}-{0:0}:
       blk_alloc_queue+0x610/0x790 block/blk-core.c:461
       blk_mq_alloc_queue+0x174/0x290 block/blk-mq.c:4450
       __blk_mq_alloc_disk+0x29/0x120 block/blk-mq.c:4497
       nbd_dev_add+0x492/0xb10 drivers/block/nbd.c:1954
       nbd_init+0x291/0x2b0 drivers/block/nbd.c:2692
       do_one_initcall+0x121/0x750 init/main.c:1392
       do_initcall_level init/main.c:1454 [inline]
       do_initcalls init/main.c:1470 [inline]
       do_basic_setup init/main.c:1490 [inline]
       kernel_init_freeable+0x6ea/0x7b0 init/main.c:1703
       kernel_init+0x1f/0x1e0 init/main.c:1593
       ret_from_fork+0x72b/0xd50 arch/x86/kernel/process.c:158
       ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:245

-> #1 (fs_reclaim){+.+.}-{0:0}:
       __fs_reclaim_acquire mm/page_alloc.c:4325 [inline]
       fs_reclaim_acquire+0xc4/0x100 mm/page_alloc.c:4339
       might_alloc include/linux/sched/mm.h:317 [inline]
       slab_pre_alloc_hook mm/slub.c:4520 [inline]
       slab_alloc_node mm/slub.c:4875 [inline]
       kmem_cache_alloc_noprof+0x4c/0x6e0 mm/slub.c:4905
       __kernfs_iattrs+0x124/0x3e0 fs/kernfs/inode.c:36
       kernfs_iattrs fs/kernfs/inode.c:59 [inline]
       __kernfs_setattr+0x4d/0x3c0 fs/kernfs/inode.c:72
       kernfs_iop_setattr+0xda/0x130 fs/kernfs/inode.c:126
       notify_change+0xb25/0x1330 fs/attr.c:556
       do_truncate+0x1df/0x240 fs/open.c:68
       handle_truncate fs/namei.c:4307 [inline]
       do_open fs/namei.c:4703 [inline]
       path_openat+0x2a55/0x31a0 fs/namei.c:4858
       do_file_open+0x20e/0x430 fs/namei.c:4887
       do_sys_openat2+0x10d/0x1e0 fs/open.c:1364
       do_sys_open fs/open.c:1370 [inline]
       __do_sys_openat fs/open.c:1386 [inline]
       __se_sys_openat fs/open.c:1381 [inline]
       __x64_sys_openat+0x12d/0x210 fs/open.c:1381
       do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
       do_syscall_64+0x10b/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

-> #0 (&root->kernfs_iattr_rwsem){++++}-{4:4}:
       check_prev_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3165 [inline]
       check_prevs_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3284 [inline]
       validate_chain kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3908 [inline]
       __lock_acquire+0x14b8/0x2630 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5237
       lock_acquire kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5868 [inline]
       lock_acquire+0x1b1/0x370 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5825
       down_write+0x8b/0x1f0 kernel/locking/rwsem.c:1625
       kernfs_link_sibling+0x555/0x850 fs/kernfs/dir.c:411
       kernfs_add_one+0x1e7/0x850 fs/kernfs/dir.c:845
       kernfs_create_dir_ns+0xfc/0x1a0 fs/kernfs/dir.c:1131
       sysfs_create_dir_ns+0x13a/0x2b0 fs/sysfs/dir.c:59
       create_dir lib/kobject.c:73 [inline]
       kobject_add_internal+0x2c8/0x930 lib/kobject.c:240
       kobject_add_varg lib/kobject.c:374 [inline]
       kobject_add+0x16a/0x1e0 lib/kobject.c:426
       elv_register_queue block/elevator.c:463 [inline]
       elevator_change_done+0x252/0x650 block/elevator.c:643
       elv_update_nr_hw_queues+0x1ea/0x2b0 block/elevator.c:716
       blk_mq_elv_switch_back block/blk-mq.c:5086 [inline]
       __blk_mq_update_nr_hw_queues block/blk-mq.c:5216 [inline]
       blk_mq_update_nr_hw_queues+0x900/0x15f0 block/blk-mq.c:5241
       nbd_start_device+0x1a6/0xbd0 drivers/block/nbd.c:1489
       nbd_genl_connect+0xff2/0x1a40 drivers/block/nbd.c:2239
       genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0x214/0x300 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1114
       genl_family_rcv_msg net/netlink/genetlink.c:1194 [inline]
       genl_rcv_msg+0x560/0x800 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1209
       netlink_rcv_skb+0x159/0x420 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550
       genl_rcv+0x28/0x40 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1218
       netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1318 [inline]
       netlink_unicast+0x585/0x850 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1344
       netlink_sendmsg+0x8b0/0xda0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1894
       sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:787 [inline]
       __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:802 [inline]
       ____sys_sendmsg+0x9e1/0xb70 net/socket.c:2698
       ___sys_sendmsg+0x190/0x1e0 net/socket.c:2752
       __sys_sendmsg+0x170/0x220 net/socket.c:2784
       do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
       do_syscall_64+0x10b/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
       entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f

other info that might help us debug this:

Chain exists of:
  &root->kernfs_iattr_rwsem --> cpuhp_state_mutex --> &root->kernfs_rwsem

 Possible unsafe locking scenario:

       CPU0                    CPU1
       ----                    ----
  lock(&root->kernfs_rwsem);
                               lock(cpuhp_state_mutex);
                               lock(&root->kernfs_rwsem);
  lock(&root->kernfs_iattr_rwsem);

 *** DEADLOCK ***

5 locks held by syz.1.1248/10493:
 #0: ffffffff906ba688 (cb_lock){++++}-{4:4}, at: genl_rcv+0x19/0x40 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1217
 #1: ffffffff906ba740 (genl_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: genl_lock net/netlink/genetlink.c:35 [inline]
 #1: ffffffff906ba740 (genl_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: genl_op_lock net/netlink/genetlink.c:60 [inline]
 #1: ffffffff906ba740 (genl_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: genl_op_lock net/netlink/genetlink.c:57 [inline]
 #1: ffffffff906ba740 (genl_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: genl_rcv_msg+0x57b/0x800 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1208
 #2: ffff8880284ca9c0 (&set->update_nr_hwq_lock){++++}-{4:4}, at: blk_mq_update_nr_hw_queues+0x9d/0x15f0 block/blk-mq.c:5239
 #3: ffff8880284ca8d0 (&set->tag_list_lock){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: blk_mq_update_nr_hw_queues+0xb0/0x15f0 block/blk-mq.c:5240
 #4: ffff88801c6a7980 (&root->kernfs_rwsem){++++}-{4:4}, at: kernfs_add_one+0x38/0x850 fs/kernfs/dir.c:826

stack backtrace:
CPU: 1 UID: 0 PID: 10493 Comm: syz.1.1248 Tainted: G             L      syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Tainted: [L]=SOFTLOCKUP
Hardware name: Google Google Compute Engine/Google Compute Engine, BIOS Google 04/18/2026
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]
 dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 print_circular_bug.cold+0x178/0x1c7 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:2043
 check_noncircular+0x146/0x160 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:2175
 check_prev_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3165 [inline]
 check_prevs_add kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3284 [inline]
 validate_chain kernel/locking/lockdep.c:3908 [inline]
 __lock_acquire+0x14b8/0x2630 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5237
 lock_acquire kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5868 [inline]
 lock_acquire+0x1b1/0x370 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5825
 down_write+0x8b/0x1f0 kernel/locking/rwsem.c:1625
 kernfs_link_sibling+0x555/0x850 fs/kernfs/dir.c:411
 kernfs_add_one+0x1e7/0x850 fs/kernfs/dir.c:845
 kernfs_create_dir_ns+0xfc/0x1a0 fs/kernfs/dir.c:1131
 sysfs_create_dir_ns+0x13a/0x2b0 fs/sysfs/dir.c:59
 create_dir lib/kobject.c:73 [inline]
 kobject_add_internal+0x2c8/0x930 lib/kobject.c:240
 kobject_add_varg lib/kobject.c:374 [inline]
 kobject_add+0x16a/0x1e0 lib/kobject.c:426
 elv_register_queue block/elevator.c:463 [inline]
 elevator_change_done+0x252/0x650 block/elevator.c:643
 elv_update_nr_hw_queues+0x1ea/0x2b0 block/elevator.c:716
 blk_mq_elv_switch_back block/blk-mq.c:5086 [inline]
 __blk_mq_update_nr_hw_queues block/blk-mq.c:5216 [inline]
 blk_mq_update_nr_hw_queues+0x900/0x15f0 block/blk-mq.c:5241
 nbd_start_device+0x1a6/0xbd0 drivers/block/nbd.c:1489
 nbd_genl_connect+0xff2/0x1a40 drivers/block/nbd.c:2239
 genl_family_rcv_msg_doit+0x214/0x300 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1114
 genl_family_rcv_msg net/netlink/genetlink.c:1194 [inline]
 genl_rcv_msg+0x560/0x800 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1209
 netlink_rcv_skb+0x159/0x420 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:2550
 genl_rcv+0x28/0x40 net/netlink/genetlink.c:1218
 netlink_unicast_kernel net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1318 [inline]
 netlink_unicast+0x585/0x850 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1344
 netlink_sendmsg+0x8b0/0xda0 net/netlink/af_netlink.c:1894
 sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:787 [inline]
 __sock_sendmsg net/socket.c:802 [inline]
 ____sys_sendmsg+0x9e1/0xb70 net/socket.c:2698
 ___sys_sendmsg+0x190/0x1e0 net/socket.c:2752
 __sys_sendmsg+0x170/0x220 net/socket.c:2784
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x10b/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f1f7d59ce59
Code: ff c3 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 00 00 00 00 0f 1f 44 00 00 48 89 f8 48 89 f7 48 89 d6 48 89 ca 4d 89 c2 4d 89 c8 4c 8b 4c 24 08 0f 05 <48> 3d 01 f0 ff ff 73 01 c3 48 c7 c1 e8 ff ff ff f7 d8 64 89 01 48
RSP: 002b:00007f1f7b7f6028 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 000000000000002e
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007f1f7d815fa0 RCX: 00007f1f7d59ce59
RDX: 0000000000000004 RSI: 0000200000001ac0 RDI: 000000000000000a
RBP: 00007f1f7d632d6f R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 0000000000000000
R13: 00007f1f7d816038 R14: 00007f1f7d815fa0 R15: 00007fffe2521458
 </TASK>

Crashes (4083):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2026/05/13 06:11 upstream c21b90f77687 a0949470 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-kasan-gce-selinux-root possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/09 09:04 upstream 70390501d194 29233ece .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-kasan-badwrites-root possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/04/27 23:12 upstream 254f49634ee1 ce741359 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-kasan-gce-root possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/04/25 15:12 upstream 27d128c1cff6 9c2d0995 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-kasan-gce-smack-root possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/03/17 04:22 upstream 2d1373e4246d 0737c18f .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-kasan-gce-smack-root possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 02:33 upstream 6916d5703ddf de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/03/13 17:29 upstream 0257f64bdac7 351cb5cf .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 06:30 upstream d458a240344c 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream-386 possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 11:17 net aaec7096f996 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 10:09 net aaec7096f996 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 07:33 net aaec7096f996 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 06:23 net aaec7096f996 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 23:36 net aaec7096f996 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 22:33 net aaec7096f996 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 21:25 net aaec7096f996 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 16:02 net aaec7096f996 a15a64a6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 14:29 net aaec7096f996 a15a64a6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 12:12 net aaec7096f996 a15a64a6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 11:11 net aaec7096f996 a15a64a6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 07:46 net 915fab69823a 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 04:23 net 915fab69823a 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/15 18:30 net 5db89c99566f 9cd3beaa .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/15 16:08 net 5db89c99566f 9cd3beaa .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-this-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 11:12 net-next 627ac78f2741 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 08:52 net-next 627ac78f2741 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 08:47 net-next 627ac78f2741 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 05:15 net-next 627ac78f2741 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 04:59 net-next 627ac78f2741 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 03:36 net-next 627ac78f2741 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 02:11 net-next 627ac78f2741 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/17 00:52 net-next 627ac78f2741 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 23:50 net-next 627ac78f2741 de5aae85 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 20:07 net-next 627ac78f2741 a15a64a6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 19:19 net-next 627ac78f2741 a15a64a6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 17:55 net-next 627ac78f2741 a15a64a6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 17:32 net-next 627ac78f2741 a15a64a6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 14:44 net-next 627ac78f2741 a15a64a6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 13:14 net-next 627ac78f2741 a15a64a6 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 05:23 net-next 55834f0d7421 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 04:22 net-next 55834f0d7421 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 02:54 net-next 55834f0d7421 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 01:50 net-next 55834f0d7421 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 01:17 net-next 55834f0d7421 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/16 00:11 net-next 55834f0d7421 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/15 22:19 net-next 822d4a8e390a 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/15 21:04 net-next 822d4a8e390a 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/15 21:01 net-next 822d4a8e390a 81fb92f3 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/15 19:56 net-next 822d4a8e390a 9cd3beaa .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/15 17:22 net-next 822d4a8e390a 9cd3beaa .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/15 14:59 net-next 822d4a8e390a 9cd3beaa .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/15 13:58 net-next 822d4a8e390a 9cd3beaa .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-net-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/05/05 00:03 linux-next 9d0d467c3572 a898ba9c .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-linux-next-kasan-gce-root possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
2026/04/10 17:01 linux-next cc13002a9f98 38c8e246 .config console log report info [disk image] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-upstream-rust-kasan-gce possible deadlock in kernfs_link_sibling
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.