syzbot


WARNING: bad unlock balance in folio_remove_rmap_ptes

Status: upstream: reported on 2026/04/30 07:21
Subsystems: mm
[Documentation on labels]
Reported-by: syzbot+29efe1495eb3dffd2662@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
First crash: 8d12h, last: 8d12h
Discussions (1)
Title Replies (including bot) Last reply
[syzbot] [mm?] WARNING: bad unlock balance in folio_remove_rmap_ptes 0 (1) 2026/04/30 07:21

Sample crash report:
=====================================
WARNING: bad unlock balance detected!
syzkaller #0 Not tainted
-------------------------------------
dhcpcd-run-hook/5684 is trying to release lock (rcu_read_lock) at:
[<ffffffff827e7b17>] rcu_lock_release include/linux/rcupdate.h:310 [inline]
[<ffffffff827e7b17>] rcu_read_unlock+0x17/0x60 include/linux/rcupdate.h:869
but there are no more locks to release!

other info that might help us debug this:
2 locks held by dhcpcd-run-hook/5684:
 #0: ffff888036590338 (&mm->mmap_lock){++++}-{4:4}, at: mmap_read_lock include/linux/mmap_lock.h:592 [inline]
 #0: ffff888036590338 (&mm->mmap_lock){++++}-{4:4}, at: exit_mmap+0x124/0xa10 mm/mmap.c:1284
 #1: ffff88803e19f558 (ptlock_ptr(ptdesc)#2){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: spin_lock include/linux/spinlock.h:342 [inline]
 #1: ffff88803e19f558 (ptlock_ptr(ptdesc)#2){+.+.}-{3:3}, at: pte_offset_map_lock+0x10f/0x320 mm/pgtable-generic.c:404

stack backtrace:
CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 5684 Comm: dhcpcd-run-hook Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 __dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:94 [inline]
 dump_stack_lvl+0x100/0x190 lib/dump_stack.c:120
 print_unlock_imbalance_bug.part.0+0xfb/0x106 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5298
 print_unlock_imbalance_bug kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5278 [inline]
 __lock_release kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5537 [inline]
 lock_release kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5889 [inline]
 lock_release+0x28d/0x310 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5875
 rcu_lock_release include/linux/rcupdate.h:310 [inline]
 rcu_read_unlock+0x1c/0x60 include/linux/rcupdate.h:869
 __folio_mod_stat mm/rmap.c:1336 [inline]
 __folio_remove_rmap mm/rmap.c:1873 [inline]
 folio_remove_rmap_ptes+0x79a/0xdd0 mm/rmap.c:1900
 zap_present_folio_ptes mm/memory.c:1656 [inline]
 zap_present_ptes mm/memory.c:1714 [inline]
 do_zap_pte_range mm/memory.c:1816 [inline]
 zap_pte_range mm/memory.c:1918 [inline]
 zap_pmd_range mm/memory.c:2004 [inline]
 zap_pud_range mm/memory.c:2032 [inline]
 zap_p4d_range mm/memory.c:2053 [inline]
 __zap_vma_range+0x1f72/0x4bf0 mm/memory.c:2093
 unmap_vmas+0x299/0x5f0 mm/memory.c:2162
 exit_mmap+0x1ef/0xa10 mm/mmap.c:1300
 __mmput+0x12a/0x410 kernel/fork.c:1178
 mmput+0x67/0x80 kernel/fork.c:1201
 exit_mm kernel/exit.c:581 [inline]
 do_exit+0x833/0x2a60 kernel/exit.c:963
 do_group_exit+0xd5/0x2a0 kernel/exit.c:1117
 __do_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1128 [inline]
 __se_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1126 [inline]
 __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3e/0x50 kernel/exit.c:1126
 x64_sys_call+0x102c/0x1530 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:232
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x10b/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f86edb946c5
Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0x7f86edb9469b.
RSP: 002b:00007ffe0360d588 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000e7
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000556aa8bde2c0 RCX: 00007f86edb946c5
RDX: 00000000000000e7 RSI: ffffffffffffff88 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: 00007ffe0360d8b8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007ffe0360d8b0
R13: 00007ffe0360d8c0 R14: 00007f86edda4000 R15: 0000556a73d27d98
 </TASK>
------------[ cut here ]------------
rrln < 0 || rrln > RCU_NEST_PMAX
WARNING: kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:443 at __rcu_read_unlock kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:443 [inline], CPU#2: dhcpcd-run-hook/5684
WARNING: kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:443 at __rcu_read_unlock+0x235/0x5e0 kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:430, CPU#2: dhcpcd-run-hook/5684
Modules linked in:
CPU: 2 UID: 0 PID: 5684 Comm: dhcpcd-run-hook Not tainted syzkaller #0 PREEMPT(full) 
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2 04/01/2014
RIP: 0010:__rcu_read_unlock kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:443 [inline]
RIP: 0010:__rcu_read_unlock+0x235/0x5e0 kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h:430
Code: 74 11 c7 45 58 01 00 00 00 bf 09 00 00 00 e8 c2 6f da ff e8 9d ff 22 00 9c 58 f6 c4 02 0f 85 dd 02 00 00 fb e9 57 fe ff ff 90 <0f> 0b 90 5b 5d 41 5c 41 5d 41 5e 41 5f c3 cc cc cc cc e8 54 76 88
RSP: 0018:ffffc90003bdf718 EFLAGS: 00010286
RAX: 00000000ffffffff RBX: ffff8880285b2500 RCX: ffffffff81e7b7ae
RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff8def8e2a RDI: ffff8880285b29c4
RBP: ffffea0000f25740 R08: 0000000000000005 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000080000001 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 0000000000000001
R13: ffff88803e85cc80 R14: 0000000000000000 R15: ffffea0000f25770
FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff8880d6579000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000556aa8be3b11 CR3: 000000002c8aa000 CR4: 0000000000352ef0
Call Trace:
 <TASK>
 __folio_mod_stat mm/rmap.c:1336 [inline]
 __folio_remove_rmap mm/rmap.c:1873 [inline]
 folio_remove_rmap_ptes+0x79a/0xdd0 mm/rmap.c:1900
 zap_present_folio_ptes mm/memory.c:1656 [inline]
 zap_present_ptes mm/memory.c:1714 [inline]
 do_zap_pte_range mm/memory.c:1816 [inline]
 zap_pte_range mm/memory.c:1918 [inline]
 zap_pmd_range mm/memory.c:2004 [inline]
 zap_pud_range mm/memory.c:2032 [inline]
 zap_p4d_range mm/memory.c:2053 [inline]
 __zap_vma_range+0x1f72/0x4bf0 mm/memory.c:2093
 unmap_vmas+0x299/0x5f0 mm/memory.c:2162
 exit_mmap+0x1ef/0xa10 mm/mmap.c:1300
 __mmput+0x12a/0x410 kernel/fork.c:1178
 mmput+0x67/0x80 kernel/fork.c:1201
 exit_mm kernel/exit.c:581 [inline]
 do_exit+0x833/0x2a60 kernel/exit.c:963
 do_group_exit+0xd5/0x2a0 kernel/exit.c:1117
 __do_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1128 [inline]
 __se_sys_exit_group kernel/exit.c:1126 [inline]
 __x64_sys_exit_group+0x3e/0x50 kernel/exit.c:1126
 x64_sys_call+0x102c/0x1530 arch/x86/include/generated/asm/syscalls_64.h:232
 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:63 [inline]
 do_syscall_64+0x10b/0xf80 arch/x86/entry/syscall_64.c:94
 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f
RIP: 0033:0x7f86edb946c5
Code: Unable to access opcode bytes at 0x7f86edb9469b.
RSP: 002b:00007ffe0360d588 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX: 00000000000000e7
RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 0000556aa8bde2c0 RCX: 00007f86edb946c5
RDX: 00000000000000e7 RSI: ffffffffffffff88 RDI: 0000000000000000
RBP: 00007ffe0360d8b8 R08: 0000000000000000 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000246 R12: 00007ffe0360d8b0
R13: 00007ffe0360d8c0 R14: 00007f86edda4000 R15: 0000556a73d27d98
 </TASK>

Crashes (1):
Time Kernel Commit Syzkaller Config Log Report Syz repro C repro VM info Assets (help?) Manager Title
2026/04/26 07:10 upstream 897d54018cc9 9c2d0995 .config console log report info [disk image (non-bootable)] [vmlinux] [kernel image] ci-qemu-upstream WARNING: bad unlock balance in folio_remove_rmap_ptes
* Struck through repros no longer work on HEAD.